Disparities of Clinical Features and Associated Maternal Factors among Symmetrical and a Symmetrical Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) in NICU at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq

Background: Worldwide Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction carries out high rate of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Perinatal mortality rates are 4-8 times higher for growth-retarded infants. IUGR are subdivided into symmetrical and asymmetrical subtypes. Aim of Study: To focus on the actual incidence of each subtype of IUGR and disparities. Methods: Across-sectional descriptive study applied on 52 singleton newborns admitted to the NICU at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from January to December2015.We assessed them for some demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, investigation and a thorough physical examination with an estimation of the Ponderal Index (PI) values; these data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 software.Results: We found equal gender distribution for each sex. The 63.46% of IUGR babies was of asymmetrical type while 36.53%wassymmetrical.Incidencerate was higher among multiparous mothers than primiparous as 51.9%. The asymmetrical subtype mostly delivered by NVD 63.6% while the symmetrical subtype mostly delivered by CS delivery 68.4 %. RDS was the commonest early complication, the higher percentage was among symmetrical than asymmetrical subtypes 57.9%, 27.3%, respectively. Among all deaths 33.35% had asymmetrical subtype. The mean birth weight for a symmetrical subtype was 1.41 kg, while for the symmetrical subtype it was 1.76 kg.Conclusion: The asymmetrical IUGR newborns were more than symmetrical type. More than two thirds of symmetrical IUGR were delivered with Cesarean section, while more than two thirds of asymmetrical IUGR were delivered normally and more than half of symmetrical IUGR were with RDS. Sex had no effect on IUGR distribution.