combination of citalopram and nortriptyline in treatment of moderate to severe major depression: a double-blind, placebo- controlled trial

objective: depression is a major health problem, which is not only underrecognized and undertreated, but is also associated with significant morbidity and mortality. it has been suggested that combination therapy rapidly reduces depressive symptoms in patients with moderate to severe depression and is more effective than monotherapy; but this suggestion remains controversial. serotonergic and noradrenergic enhancement may be synergistic and more effective than serotonergic enhancement alone in the management of depression. the objective of this double blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of citalopram and nortriptyline for the treatment of moderate to severe major depression. method: 45 patients, who met the dsm-iv criteria for major depressive disorder based on the clinical interview, were included in the study. patients had a baseline hamilton depression rating scale score of at least 20. in this trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive nortriptyline 50 mg/day plus citalopram 40 mg/day (group1) or placebo plus citalopram 40 mg/day (group2), for an 8 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. results: both protocols significantly decreased the score of hamilton depression rating scale over the trial period, but the combination of nortriptyline and citalopram showed a significant superiority over citalopram alone in the treatment of moderate to severe major depressive disorder (t = 3.34, d.f. = 36, p = 0.001). the difference between the two groups in the frequency of side effects was not significant. conclusion: the results of this study suggest that combination of nortriptyline and citalopram is more effective than citalopram alone in the treatment of depression. this advantage is probably the result of reuptake inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine