Because wrist rotation dynamics are dominated by stiffness (Charles SK, Hogan N. J Biomech 44: 614-621, 2011), understanding how humans plan and execute coordinated wrist rotations requires knowledge of the stiffness characteristics of the wrist joint. In the past, the passive stiffness of the wrist joint has been measured in 1 degree of freedom (DOF). Although these 1-DOF measurements inform u...

Subject-specific musculoskeletal models require accurate values of muscle moment arms. The aim of this study was to compare moment arms of wrist tendons obtained from non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to those obtained from an in vitro experimental approach. MRI was performed on ten upper limb cadaveric specimens to obtain the centrelines for the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), flexor ...

I prove that there is a recursive function T that does the following: Let X be transitive and rud closed, and let X ′ be the closure of X ∪{X} under rud functions. Given a Σ0 formula φ(x) and a code c for a rud function f , T (φ, c, ~x) is a Σω formula such that for any ~a ∈ X, X ′ |= φ[f(~a)] iff X |= T (φ, c, ~x)[~a]. I make this precise and show relativized versions of this. As an applicatio...

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in temporal gran-ularity, and its applications in temporal dependency theory and data mining. Generalization hierarchies used in multi-dimensional databases and OLAP serve a role similar to that of time granularity in temporal databases, but they also apply to non-temporal dimensions, like space. In this paper, we rst generalize temporal functional dep...

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in temporal granularity, and its applications in temporal dependency theory and data mining. Generalization hierarchies used in multi-dimensional databases and OLAP serve a role similar to that of time granularity in temporal databases, but they also apply to non-temporal dimensions, like space. In this paper, we first generalize temporal functional de...

The effect of flooding can be a serious problem for wheat farmers, even at dry land condition. Amount of flooding damage depends on duration flooding, developmental stage, wheat type and variety. Therefore as a factorial experiment in randomized complete design based on winter bread wheat cultivars (Pishtaz, Marvdasht, Shiraz, Zarin, Shahriar, C-81-4, Sardari, Agosta seed, FGS and Azar2) at sta...

BACKGROUND The interRAI-Home Care (interRAI-HC) instrument is commonly used in routine care to assess care and service needs, resource utilisation and health outcomes of community dwelling home care clients. Potentially, the interRAI-HC can also be used to calculate societal costs in economic evaluations. The purpose of this study was to assess the convergent validity of the interRAI-HC instrum...

AIM Physicians' inappropriate prescribing habits affect patients' lives both medically and financially. To avoid these unwanted situations, the World Health Organization defined the rational use of drugs (RUD) in 1985. This study aimed to investigate whether patients were as informed about their diagnosis and medication as anticipated and their knowledge about the RUD in general. METHODS A qu...

Background: Drilling is one of the most widely used process in orthopaedic surgical operation and the same drill bit is used a number of times in hospitals. Using the same drill bit a several times may be the cause of osteosynthesis and osteonecrosis. Methods: In the present work, the effect of repeated orthopaedic surgical twist drill bit on the tool wear, force, torque, temperature and chip m...