the question has always been raised throughout history whether human beings need to follow the prophets or divine revelation to achieve salvation. there will be no need, as some believe, to follow divine teachings once human beings reach intellectual maturity; however, others insist on the permanent need for guidance from god due to inadequacy of human reason. in the third or fourth century ah,...

The question has always been raised throughout history whether human beings need to follow the prophets or divine revelation to achieve salvation. There will be no need, as some believe, to follow divine teachings once human beings reach intellectual maturity; however, others insist on the permanent need for Guidance from God due to inadequacy of human reason. In the third or fourth century AH,...

The birth of the scientific clinical trial is often cited as an experiment by James Lind. On 20 May 1743, Lind compared the effect of a few supposed nutritional remedies against scurvy. The research subjects, 12 sailors suffering from scurvy on board the ship HMS Salisbury, were divided into 6 groups. In one group, each patient was given 2 oranges and 1 lemon every day, to eat upon an empty sto...

1Fellow ship of Dermatopathology, Skin Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, 2Skin Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, 3Gastrointestinal and Liver Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardare Jangal St., Rasht, Iran, 4University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 151...

Banai· I§, M., Pourbakhsh, S.A.,I Ezzi, A.,2 Ardehali, M. and Jannati, M. §: [email protected] 1. Al'illn Diseus".'· Re.H:ur,·h & Diuf{nosis Depi., Ruzi Voccine und SerI/ni Research In.1. Tehran. Iran 2. PatholoK)' Dep/.. Ruzi 1n.\'Iitllte 3. Anearohie Bacterial Vuccinf!s Rewarcl! & Prodllction Dept .. Razi Imtitue -1. Veterinary Fael/lty. Azud University, Karaj, Ira...

BACKGROUND Pertussis or "whooping cough" is an acute, communicable infection of the respiratory tract caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It has been recorded in history of medicine that the first pertussis epidemic was reported in 1578 by a French scientist, Guillaume de Baillou, in Paris. Furthermore, the causative agent was first isolated in 1906 by Jules Jean Baptist...

Acta Med Iran 2015;53(9):593. Erratum: Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis: Report of a Case Alireza Ghanadan, Kambiz Kamyab, Mazaher Ramezani, Azadeh Goodarzi, Maryam Daneshpazhooh, Kamran Balighi, Mahsa Ansari, Seyed Farzad Mirfallah Nassiri, and Soroush Daklan 1 Department of Pathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Pathology, Kermanshah Univ...

Iran has a longstanding history and a rich heritage of medicine. Two reputable Persian medical scholars of the Middle Ages are Razi (Rhazes) and Ibn-Sina (Avicenna). Their most important otorhinolaryngologic contributions based on the relevant data from two major medical books i.e., al-Hawi (Liber Continens) and Qanun fi-Tebb (Canon of Medicine) are discussed. *** he “Golden Age of Medicine” in...

Parviz Mohammadi1,3 Shaliza Ibrahim1 Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar2 Shahin Ghafari1 Sabaratnam Vikineswary2 Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh4,5 1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of ...

Bridge piers which are constructed in the track of high water rivers cause some variations in the flow patterns. This variation mostly is a result of the changes in river sections. Decreasing the river section, bridge piers significantly impress the flow patterns. Once the flow approaches the piers, the stream lines change their order, causing the appearance of different flow patterns around th...