this study was performed to determine the effect of copper on growth performance, blood metabolites and claw health in young holstein bulls in a humid area in north of iran. one hundred and two young holstein bulls (initial body weight= 377.3±17.1 kg) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a completely randomized design for 56 days. the treatment groups received: (1) the basal diet of no ...

a deterministic model was employed to simulate various progeny testing programs compatible with the conditions of holstein dairy cattle population in iran. in simulated programs, the selection intensity of bulls was increased by increasing the ratio of cow population in mate with young bulls. selection accuracy in the programs was fixed because of the fixed progeny group. economic efficiency (t...

Present study analyzed the changes in peripheral blood testosterone concentrations and testicular cytogram in relation to age and semen quality in crossbred males. Three different age groups of crossbred males viz. bull calves (6 months, n = 5), young bulls (15 months, n = 5) and adult bulls (4 to 6 years, n = 8) were utilized for the study. Testicular fine needle aspiration cytology technique ...

Consuming sugar-free Red Bull energy drink before exercise has become increasingly popular among exercising individuals. The main purported active ingredient in sugar-free Red Bull is caffeine, which has been shown to increase aerobic exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sugar-free Red Bull energy drink on high-intensity run time-to-exhaustion in young...

OBJECTIVE Energy drinks (EDs) are widely consumed products of the beverage industry and are often chosen by teenagers and young adults. Several adverse cardiovascular events and malignant cardiac arrhythmias following consumption of EDs have been reported in the literature. Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-e) may co...

The study was carried out in a Polish Black-and-White cattle population, represented by 167 AI sires, 200 young tested bulls, 190 bull-dams, and 606 randomly chosen cows from commercial herds. The fragment of the bovine prion protein gene (PRNP) coding the octapeptide-repeat sequence, was identified by PCR analysis. Two different gene variants of 349 bp and 373 bp in size, produced three genoty...

Background: Energy drinks are promoted for their stimulant effects including increased attention, performance and endurance. However, recent reports have raised concerns about their use in children and youth. Case presentation: In this case report I describe a case of a young man with no previous psychiatric history who was involuntarily hospitalized for severe manic symptoms following the heav...

Objectives. To assess the effect of Red Bull(©) on (1) blood glucose and catecholamine levels, (2) cardiovascular and respiratory function changes before, during, and after exercise, (3) reaction time, (4) cognitive functions, and (5) response to mental stress test and emotions in young healthy individuals (N=38). Methods. Heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP), blood glucose, adrena...

Beef production is an important development area in animal breeding with meat quality being determined by both paratypic and genetic factors. In this regard evaluating genetic material for the presence of desirable allele combinations of genes associated with growth and development indicators, as well as meat qualities of animals have a certain scientific and practical significance. The aim of ...