PURPOSE Iron is essential for development and growth in young children; unfortunately, iron deficiency (ID) is a significant public health problem in this population. Young Child Formulae (YCF), milk-derived products fortified with iron and ascorbic acid (AA, an enhancer of iron absorption) may be good sources of iron to help prevent ID. Furthermore, some YCF are supplemented with prebiotics, n...

background: all aerobically growing organisms suffer from exposure to oxidative stress, caused by partially reduced forms of molecular oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ros). these are highly reactive and capable of damaging cellular constituents such as dna, lipids and proteins. consequently, cells from many different organisms have evolved mechanisms to protect their components agains...

OBJECTIVE To adapt and evaluate a nutrient-based diet quality index (PANDiet) for UK young children and to determine the nutritional adequacy of their diets according to consumption of young child formula (YCF) and commercial infant foods (CIF). DESIGN Content and construct validity of the PANDiet were assessed by studying associations between the PANDiet and its components, energy intake, fo...

The yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) MTCC 3157 was selected for combinatorial biosynthesis of plant sesquiterpene amorpha-4,11-diene. Our main objective was to overproduce amorpha 4-11-diene, which is a key precursor molecule of artemisinin (antimalarial drug) produced naturally in plant Artemisia annua through mevalonate pathway. Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) is a common intermediate metab...

The yellow crescent or myoplasm is a localized cytoplasmic region in eggs of the ascidian Styela that is partitioned to the larval tail muscle and mesenchyme cells during embryonic development. To determine whether the myoplasm contains a specific subset of maternal macromolecules, its abundant proteins and mRNAs were identified and compared to those present in the remainder of the egg. This wa...

BACKGROUND Iron deficiency (ID) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) are common among young European children because of low dietary intakes and low compliance to vitamin D supplementation policies. Milk is a common drink for young European children. Studies evaluating the effect of milk fortification on iron and vitamin D status in these children are scarce. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the e...

Breeding for QPM ear rot resistant cultivars could offer a reliable environmental and economic control of mycotoxins especially for the resource-poor communities that require inexpensive protein diets. This research aims at evaluating a testcross of QPM inbreds with ear rot resistant cultivars to develop resistant topcrosses with high grain protein quality and yield. Seven QPM inbreds (lines) a...

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) states that young child formulae (YCFs) "cannot be considered as a necessity to satisfy the nutritional requirements" of children aged 12-36 months. This study quantifies the dietary changes needed to ensure nutritional adequacy in U.K. young children who consume YCFs and/or supplements and in those who do not. Dietary data from 1147 young children (age...

Background: All aerobically growing organisms suffer from exposure to oxidative stress, caused by partially reduced forms of molecular oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are highly reactive and capable of damaging cellular constituents such as DNA, lipids and proteins. Consequently, cells from many different organisms have evolved mechanisms to protect their components...