background: members of the eukaryotic hsp90 family function as important molecular chaperones in the assembly, folding and activation of cellular signaling in development. two hsp90 genes, hsp90 alpha and hsp90 beta, have been identified in fish and homeothermic vertebrates but not in poikilothermic vertebrates. in the present study, the expression of hsp90 alpha and hsp90 beta genes in xenopus...

Integrin linked kinase (ILK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in the phosphatidylinositol 3’kinase (PI3’K) pathway. Integrin linked kinase has been investigated in different organisms such as mammalian systems (human, mice, rat), insects (Drosophila) and nematodes (Cenorhabditis elegans), however to date little data regarding ILK research on amphibians has been reported. In...

Introduction: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride (Cl−) channel is an essential component of epithelial Cl− transport systems in many organs. CFTR is mainly expressed in the lung and other tissues, such as testis, duodenum, trachea and kidney. The ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cells expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2 (Nedd4-2...

Background: Members of the eukaryotic Hsp90 family function as important molecular chaperones in the assembly, folding and activation of cellular signaling in development. Two hsp90 genes, hsp90 alpha and hsp90 beta, have been identified in fish and homeothermic vertebrates but not in poikilothermic vertebrates. In the present study, the expression of hsp90 alpha and hsp90 beta genes in Xenopus...

introduction: the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) chloride (cl−) channel is an essential component of epithelial cl− transport systems in many organs. cftr is mainly expressed in the lung and other tissues, such as testis, duodenum, trachea and kidney. the ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cells expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2 (nedd4-2) has previo...

The evolution of the skin barrier and appendages were major steps in terrestrial vertebrates. Hair keratins are main components mammalian hair, but homologs these proteins also expressed claws reptiles, suggesting that hair have evolved from claw a hairless ancestor. Here, we tested hypothesis keratin their association with evolutionarily conserved even amphibians. We determined proteomes soft ...

Background: Polarized cells are key to the process of differentiation. Xenopus oocyte is a polarized cell that has complete blue-print to differentiate 3 germ layers following fertilization, as key determinant molecules (Proteins and RNAs) are asymmetrically localized. The objective of this work was to localize Na+, K+-ATPase activity along animal-vegetal axis of polarized Xenopus oocyte and fo...

the cement gland (cg) is a transient organ, found in most anuran embryos and early larvae and located normally on the front of the head. its sticky secretion allows newly hatched larvae to attach to the egg jelly or to another support later and remain hidden and stationary until feeding starts. our ultrastructural studies showed that prominence structure of the cg in some species exists, but is...