in wireless sensor networks (wsns), localization algorithms could be range-based or range-free. the approximate point in triangle (apit) is a range-free approach. we propose modification of the apit algorithm and refer as modified-apit. we select suitable triangles with appropriate distance between anchors to reduce pit test errors (edge effect and non-uniform placement of neighbours) in apit a...

white sponge nevus (wsn) is a rare hereditary dyskeratotic hyperplasia of mucous membranes. it is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable penetrance. we report a case of wsn in a healthy 21-year-old male with no history of familial involvement. a white smooth plaque with no erythema or other structural abnormalities was observed, which confirmed the diagnosis of wsn histopathologically.

In Wireless Sensor Networks, data dissemination to multiple sinks consumes a lot of energy. Various data dissemination schemes have been proposed over the years to reduce the energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper, we have proposed a virtual infrastructure based data dissemination scheme which reduces the energy consumption in grid construction process. Grid construction ...

adequate coverage is one of the main problems for distributed wireless sensor networks and the effectiveness of that highly depends on the sensor deployment scheme. given a finite number of sensors, optimizing the sensor deployment will provide sufficient sensor coverage and save power of sensors for movement to target location to adequate coverage. in this paper, we apply fuzzy logic system to...

Smart environment is widely applied and it is the most important application of wireless sensor networks. Reduction of the energy consumption problem is the key to developing WSN. In the cluster based of energy-efficient method, the fixed cluster head number, the energy of node and the transmission distance are the keys to extending the network lifetime. We propose an improved grouping protocol...

wireless sensor networks are composed of hundreds or thousands of small nodes called sensor that work together and are associated with a specific task or tasks to do. each of these nodes includes sensor, processor, communication components, a small memory and a source of energy. it is expected that wireless sensor networks will be used widely in many applications in near future. scalability and...

Due to the resource constraint and dynamic parameters, reducing energy consumption became the most important issues of wireless sensor networks topology design. All proposed hierarchy methods cluster a WSN in different cluster layers in one step of evolutionary algorithm usage with complicated parameters which may lead to reducing efficiency and performance. In fact, in WSNs topology, increasin...

The exponential rise in wireless communication demands and allied applications have revitalized academia-industries to develop more efficient routing protocols. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) being battery operated network, it often undergoes node death-causing pre-ma...