This review is a response to recent discussions on the reliable computing mailing list, and to continuing uncertainties about the properties and merits of Taylor forms, multivariate higher degree generalizations of centered forms. They were invented around 1980 by Lanford, documented in detail in 1984 by Eckmann, Koch and Wittwer, and independently studied and popularized since 1996 by Berz, Ma...

We study wrappings of smooth (convex) surfaces by a flat piece of paper or foil. Such wrappings differ from standard mathematical origami because they require infinitely many infinitesimally small folds (“crumpling”) in order to transform the flat sheet into a surface of nonzero curvature. Our goal is to find shapes that wrap a given surface, have small area and small perimeter (for efficient m...

purpose: to report the results of a wrapping technique for hydroxyapatite orbital implants by using mersilen mesh. methods: this study is prospective interventional case series conducted on records of 55 consecutive patients who received a mersilen mesh-wrapped ha orbital implant after enucleation or as a secondary procedure. we recorded results and potiential problem before and after pegging d...

Semi-automatic wrapper generation tools aim to ease the task of building structured views over semi-structured web sources. But the wrapper generation techniques presented up to date are unable to properly deal with sources requiring complex navigational sequences for accessing data. In this paper, we present Wargo, a semi-automatic wrapper generation tool, which has been used by non-programmer...

Grammatical Evolution (GE) is an evolutionary system that employs variable length linear chromosomes to represent computer programs. GE uses the individuals to produce derivation trees that adhere to a Backus Naur Form grammar, which are then mapped onto a program. One unusual characteristic of the system is the manner in which chromosomes can be “wrapped”, that is, if an individual has used up...

The following paper reviews the possibilities of encapsulating existing legacy software for reuse in new distributed architectures. It suggests wrapping as an alternative strategy to reengineering and redevelopment. It then defines the levels of granularity at which software can be encapsulated before going on to describe how to construct a wrapper and how to adapt host programs for wrapping. S...

A critical problem in developing information agents for the Web is accessing data that is formatted for human use. We have developed a set of tools for extracting data from web sites and transforming it into a structured data format, such as XML. The resulting data can then be used to build new applications without having to deal with unstructured data. The advantages of our wrapping technology...

Nanocapsules that can be tailored intelligently and specifically have drawn considerable attention in the fields of drug delivery and bioimaging. Here we conduct a theoretical study on cell uptake of a spherical nanocapsule which is modeled as a linear elastic solid thin shell in three dimensions. It is found that there exist five wrapping phases based on the stability of three wrapping states:...

The bioactivity of nanoparticles crucially depends on their ability to cross biomembranes. Recent simulations indicate the cooperative wrapping and internalization of spherical nanoparticles in tubular membrane structures. In this article, we systematically investigate the energy gain of this cooperative wrapping by minimizing the energies of the rotationally symmetric shapes of the membrane tu...