Acquiring adequate vocabulary in a foreign language is very important but often difficult. Considering the importance of learner’s vocabulary learning and retention, the present study aimed at examining the impact of playing word games on young Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and retention at Irandoostan language Institute in Tabriz. To that end, 50 female learners at the age range of...

Given the importance of physical activities for children of preschool age, it merits a critical viewing of the textbooks used at this level in order to improve the textbooks content where it may be needed. To this end, three such books published under the supervision of Tehran’s Department of Elementary Education in 2014, were selected, and reviewed for any words, sentences, and pictures relate...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various online techniques (word reference, media, and vocabulary games) on reading comprehension as well as vocabulary comprehension and production. For this purpose, 60 language learners were selected and divided into three groups, and each group was randomly assigned to one of the treatment conditions. In the first session of tre...

We study the class of word-building games, where two players pick letters from a finite alphabet to construct a finite or infinite word. The outcome is determined by whether the resulting word lies in a prescribed set (a win for player A) or not (a win for player B). We focus on symbolic dynamical games, where the target set is a subshift. We investigate the relation between the target subshift...

This paper presents an example of implementing language games for collecting associative relations between words in three languages with the purpose of aiding foreign language self-training in each one of the languages. It discusses possible uses of the collected data for developments in the field of AI and linguistics at a later date. Results from questionnaires among students have been given,...

Background: Intrusive trauma memories are a key symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), so disrupting their recurrence is highly important. Intrusion development was hindered by visuospatial interventions administered up to 24 hours after analogue trauma. It is unknown whether interventions can be applied later, and whether modality or working-memory load are crucial factors. Objective...

One of the most difficult aspects of learning a foreign language (particularly in an EFL context) is the retention of vocabulary. Vocabulary learning plays a major role in English language learner’s success. The standard method of presenting up to 20 or more new vocabulary words that students are expected to learn at a given time is not an effective way to help the learners develop vocabulary (...