Background. The skiing was first used in the history of mankind for transportation and hunting in the Altay Mountains, where harsh and long winter conditions exist. The use of skiing continued in many cultures and eventually turned into a sport where not the Winter Olympic Games serve as a venue for the competition. Objectives. This review aims to outline the phases of skiing and highlight how...

Cross-country skiing has always been one of the most popular winter sports in Scandinavia (Eriksson, 1976). Although downhill skiing has become more and more popular during the last ten years, cross-country skiing is still the most important mass sport in Finland. The number of competitive skiers has been increasing owing to the fact that the younger age groups as well as the veteran series hav...

The popularity of skiing and snowboarding has increased tremendously over the past few decades. Whereas skiing has been an established winter sport for some time, snowboarding was created only in the 1960s. The great surge in popularity of snowboarding was sparked by its inclusion in the 1998 Winter Olympics. With increased participation in these winter activities has come a tremendous rise in ...

There have been considerable changes in equipment design and movement patterns in the past few years both in alpine skiing and ski-jumping. These developments have been matched by methods of analysing movements in field conditions. They have yielded new insights into the skills of these specific winter sports. Analytical techniques have included electromyography, kinetic and kinematic methods a...

BACKGROUND Injury and illness surveillance during high-level youth sports events is an important first step in health prevention and caretaking of the young elite athletes. AIM To analyse injuries and illnesses that occurred during the 10 days 2nd Youth Olympic Winter Games (YOG), held in Lillehammer 2016. METHODS We recorded the daily occurrence (or non-occurrence) of injuries and illnesse...

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of sports injuries occurring in a community during 8 years and to evaluate the outcome of an intervention implemented against injuries occurring in downhill skiing. METHODS Hospital treated sports injuries occurring in Harstad, Norway (population 22 600) were recorded prospectively during an 8 year period. A prevention programme targeting downhill skiing...

BackgroundThe 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is a representative large-scale sporting event, which not only promotes the development of national and regional economy, society, culture but also increases demand residents for winter sports, thus helping achieve grand goal “encouraging 300 million people to participate in sports.” This research explores influence on residents’ sports Beijing–Tianjin...

Witnessing an injured skier being airlifted by helicopter from a winter ski resort is an unforgettable event, reminding us of the risks of snow-based winter sports, particularly alpine skiing. The world’s media attention for the ski accident suffered by Michael Schumacher for example, illustrated a collective concern for the safety of ski areas (Allen, 2014), showing how even the slightest inat...

PURPOSE The purpose of this project was to determine the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) among U.S. Olympic winter sport athletes. METHODS Subjects included female and male members of the 1998 U.S. Winter Olympic Team from the following sports: biathlon, cross-country ski, figure skating, ice hockey, Nordic combined, long-track speedskating, and short-track speedskating. Asse...

BACKGROUND Systematic surveillance of injuries and illnesses is the foundation for developing preventive measures in sport. AIM To analyse the injuries and illnesses that occurred during the XXII Olympic Winter Games, held in Sochi in 2014. METHODS We recorded the daily occurrence (or non-occurrence) of injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC)...