PURPOSE Estimating wind chill index as one of the indexes effective in body comfort, specifically for athletes and tourists interested in winter sports. METHODS Meteorology data including temperature and the percentage of relative humidity of 6 synoptic stations of Chaharmahal-Bakhtiyrai province, Iran from 1990 to 2007 were extracted from Iranian Meteorology Site. In order to calculate the v...

Winter sports are played in cold conditions on ice or snow and often at moderate to high altitude. The most important nutritional challenges for winter sport athletes exposed to environmental extremes include increased energy expenditure, accelerated muscle and liver glycogen utilization, exacerbated fluid loss, and increased iron turnover. Winter sports, however, vary greatly regarding their n...

purpose estimating wind chill index as one of the indexes effective in body comfort, specifically for athletes and tourists interested in winter sports. methods meteorology data including temperature and the percentage of relative humidity of 6 synoptic stations of chaharmahal-bakhtiyrai province, iran from 1990 to 2007 were extracted from iranian meteorology site. in order to calculate the val...

PURPOSE The purpose of this project was to determine the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) among U.S. Olympic winter sport athletes. METHODS Subjects included female and male members of the 1998 U.S. Winter Olympic Team from the following sports: biathlon, cross-country ski, figure skating, ice hockey, Nordic combined, long-track speedskating, and short-track speedskating. Asse...

Th e purpose of this paper was to develop a typology for winter sports tourists deriving from the behavioural characteristics of British skiers and snowboarders. Th e paper also aimed to ascertain whether diff erences in the characteristics and behaviour of skiers and snowboarders were identifi able, and consequently whether the market could be meaningfully segmented based upon the sport partic...

Research dealing with the motives of sports tourists from a marketer’s perspective remains underdeveloped. This chapter describes the phenomenon of sports tourism and aspires to examine with an empirical study the motives of winter and summer sports tourists. The first sample (n=339) was comprised of active as well as passive summer sports tourists. The second sample (n=477) only focused on act...