objectives: reading is a language skill based on visual modality which recently is addressed as a facilitator of expressive language in children with down syndrome. the aim was designing a whole word reading protocol and examining its effects on the language skills of children with down syndrome. methods: a whole word reading protocol was developed and was examined through a single-subject stud...

Objectives: Reading is a language skill based on visual modality which recently is addressed as a facilitator of expressive language in children with Down syndrome. The aim was designing a whole word reading protocol and examining its effects on the language skills of children with Down syndrome. Methods: A whole word reading protocol was developed and was examined through a single-subject s...

Reading instruction can direct attention to different unit sizes in print-to-speech mapping, ranging from grapheme-phoneme to whole-word relationships. Thus, attentional focus during learning might influence brain mechanisms recruited during reading, as indexed by the N170 response to visual words. To test this, two groups of adults were trained to read an artificial script under instructions d...

formulaic sequence (fs) is a general term often used to refer to various types of recurrent clusters. one particular type of fss common in different registers is lexical bundles (lbs). this study investigated whether lbs are stored and processed as a whole in the mind of language users and whether their functional discourse type has any effect on their processing. to serve these objectives, thr...

Objectives: Stuttering is one of the most prevalent speech and language disorders. Symptomology of stuttering has been surveyed from different aspects such as biological, developmental, environmental, emotional, learning and linguistic. Previous researches in English-speaking people have suggested that some linguistic features such as word meanings may play a role in the frequency of speech non...

Systematic phonics instruction in first language education has recently received considerable research attention due to its critical role in facilitating phonological awareness and processing skills. However, little is known about the effects of systematic phonics instruction on foreign language reading and spelling in an EFL context. This study examined the effects of spelling-based phonics in...

Comprehensive reading instruction for students with intellectual disabilities: Findings from the first three years of a longitudinal study. This longitudinal experimental study showed that students with intellectual disabilities can learn to read given consistent, explicit, and comprehensive reading instruction over an extended period of time. This article presented strategies for providing stu...