objectives: in traditional medicine salvia officinalis (sage) has been used as menstrual cycle regulator. in the present study the effects of sage extract on breast tissue were examined. materials and methods: fourteen female rats were divided into two groups: 1) distilled water-treated rats (con) that were gavaged with 1ml distilled water and 2) saliva officinalis hydroalcoholic extract (she)-...

Objectives: In traditional medicine Salvia officinalis (sage) has been used as menstrual cycle regulator. In the present study the effects of sage extract on breast tissue were examined. Materials and Methods: Fourteen female rats were divided into two groups: 1) Distilled water-treated rats (Con) that were gavaged with 1ml distilled water and 2) Saliva officinalis hydroalcoholic extract (SHE)-...

In order to improve reliability and standardization of mammary gland whole mount assessments, directors and staff of seven laboratories from around the world (see attached) participated in a round robin evaluation of a set of mammary gland whole mounts. These preparations were from the 4 and 5 mammary glands of mice and rats treated in utero with vehicle and 2 different chemical treatments. Who...

To the Editors: The mammary gland area(MGA)as determined by the whole mount preparation, that is, the area bounded by a line joining the periphery of the ducts, and its desoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)content have been commonly used as the indices of mammary development in mice. DNA content, which estimates the mammary parenchyma very accurately (Kirkham and Turner, 1953; Turner, 1960), of course pr...

A mammary-derived growth inhibitor-related gene (MRG) was previously identified and characterized. MRG induces differentiation of mammary epithelial cells in vitro and its expression is associated with mammary differentiation. To further define the role of MRG on mammary gland differentiation, a MRG transgenic mice model under the control of mouse mammary tumor virus promoter was established an...

To characterize the role of BRCA1 in mammary gland development and tumor suppression, a transgenic mouse model of BRCA1 overexpression was developed. Using the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter/enhancer, transgenic mice expressing human BRCA1 or select mutant controls were generated. Transgenic animals examined during adolescence were shown to express the human transgene in their mammar...

OBJECTIVES In traditional medicine Salvia officinalis (sage) has been used as menstrual cycle regulator. In the present study the effects of sage extract on breast tissue were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen female rats were divided into two groups: 1) Distilled water-treated rats (Con) that were gavaged with 1ml distilled water and 2) Saliva officinalis hydroalcoholic extract (SHE)-...

Pannexin1 (Panx1) subunits oligomerize to form large-pore channels between the intracellular and extracellular milieu that have been shown to regulate proliferation, differentiation and cell death mechanisms. These key cellular responses are ultimately necessary for normal tissue development and function but the role of Panx1 in development, differentiation and function in many tissues remains ...

The local effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) on mammary growth were investigated. The pellet of EB mixed with cholesterol at several ratios was implanted in the fat pad of the right third thoracic gland of the ovariectomized 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rat. The contralateral gland was served as the control. All the rats given EB pellets showed estrous smears for several days and subsequen...

Connexin26 (Cx26) is the major Cx protein expressed in the human mammary gland and is up-regulated during pregnancy while remaining elevated throughout lactation. It is currently unknown if patients with loss-of-function Cx26 mutations that result in hearing loss and skin diseases have a greater susceptibility to impaired breast development. To investigate if Cx26 plays a critical role in mamma...