statement of problem: fixed orthodontic appliances can interfere with removing bacterial plaques from dental surfaces which can ultimately lead to white spot formation. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the quantity of white spots and areas of decalcification following fixed orthodontic treatment. materials and methods: a total of 100 patients undergoing or scheduled for fixed orth...

The incidence of white spot disease in farmed Penaeus indicus in Busheher region was evaluated by analyzing 200 shrimp individuals between June and September, 2005. The samples were examined for clinical sign including observation of white spots on the cuticle and tissue. Samples were processed using polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) test. The results showed that 24% of the samples examine...

The incidence of white spot disease in farmed Penaeus indicus in Busheher region was evaluated by analyzing 200 shrimp individuals between June and September, 2005. The samples were examined for clinical sign including observation of white spots on the cuticle and tissue. Samples were processed using polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) test. The results showed that 24% of the samples examine...

Distended lacteals, described as expanded white villi in duodenum, are strongly indicative of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. In the present study, we evaluated the significance of white spots present in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis (LPE). Fifty dogs with LPE were included in this study, and white spots were detected in the duodenal mucosa in 22 dogs d...

Barn swallows Hirundo rustica have white spots on their tail feathers, and they have been hypothesized to be a handicap because white spots are prone to feather breakage, ectoparasites are disproportionately common in white spots, and size of white spots increases with tail length. Here I test for attractiveness of narrow and long tail spots by manipulation of their shape while using complete p...

BACKGROUND Developmental studies on butterfly wing color patterns often focus on eyespots. A typical eyespot (such as that of Bicyclus anynana) has a few concentric rings of dark and light colors and a white spot (called a focus) at the center. The prospective eyespot center during the early pupal stage is known to act as an organizing center. It has often been assumed, according to gradient mo...