The surfaces of Jupiter’s moons are profoundly weathered by jovian charged particle and solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Although early observations of the Galilean satellites suggested that their reflectance spectra were modified by energetic particles, it has only recently been shown quantitatively that radiolysis and photolysis, the chemical alteration of a surface by charge-particles and...

this research was conducted to investigate the effect of acetylation on weathering resistance of solid wood and particleboard produced from acetylated particles of fagus orientalis. after 12 hours soaking in acetic unhydride, in order to achieve three levels of weight gain, 5, 9 and 16%, acetylated particles of bech wood were heated in oven at 120oc for 30, 90 and 240 minutes, respectively. als...

We investigated the fate of explosives compounds in slurries containing fractured and weathered soil particles. Three soils were crushed with a piston to emulate detonation-induced fracturing. We used X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and gas adsorption surface area measurements to quantify the mineralogies and surfaces of the weathered and fractured soil particles. Soil batch slu...

Plastic debris in Earth's oceans presents a serious environmental issue because breakdown by chemical weathering and mechanical erosion is minimal at sea. Following deposition on beaches, plastic materials are exposed to UV radiation and physical processes controlled by wind, current, wave and tide action. Plastic particles from Kauai's beaches were sampled to determine relationships between co...

Sand, a cheap and naturally abundant particulate material, was modified with photocatalytic hydrophobic coatings to reduce evaporation loss facilitate the purification of water. The first-level (TiO2 or ZnO nanocrystals) rendered nanoscale roughness on surface sand. additional second-level coating self-assembled monolayer octyltrimethoxysilane (OTS) made sand particles superhydrophobic because ...

Tafone-like depressions have developed on the Aoshima sandstone blocks used for a masonry bridge pier in the coastal spray zone. A thin layer of partial granular disintegration was found on the surface in depressions. To evaluate quantitatively the strength of the thin weathered layer, the hardness was measured at the surface of the sandstone blocks using both an Equotip hardness tester and an ...

The thermal infrared spectral signatures of two weathered terrestrial basalts were studied to better understand spectral signatures measured of weathered surfaces on Mars. Here we examine whether thermal infrared spectra (5-25 µm) may be used to differentiate between a desert varnish and a glassy, sili-cate cooling rind. Our preliminary results indicate the spectral signatures of both poorly or...

Traffic is one of the major sources of harmful airborne particles worldwide. To relate exposure to adverse health effects it is important to determine the deposition probability of the inhaled particles in the human respiratory tract. The size-dependent deposition of 12-580 nm particles was measured with a novel setup in 9 healthy subjects breathing by mouth on the windward side of a busy stree...

Abstract Microplastic particle concentration at the sea surface is critical for quantifying microplastic transport across water-air interface. Previous studies suggest that enhanced compared to bulk concentration, yet little known about detailed mechanisms behind this enhancement. In work, we model one particular process in simulation may contribute concentration: bubble scavenging. Using latti...