Trait combinations that lead to a higher efficiency in resource utilization are important drivers of divergent natural selection and adaptive radiation. However, variation in environmental features might constrain foraging in complex ways and therefore impede the exploitation of critical resources. We tested the effect of water transparency on intra-population divergence in morphology of Eurasi...

in the current study, whey protein- pullulan- clay nanocomposite films are prepared by casting method. the effect of nanoclay at three concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) on physical properties such as moisture content, solubility in water, water vapor permeability and transparency of whey protein- pullulan composite films investigated. the results show that the effect of nanoparticles on composite ...

phytoplanktons are the first bio- indicators of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. phytoplankton assemblage and aquatic ecosystems are always influenced by environmental factors therefore these environmental changes and threats must be understood in any ecosystem. phytoplankton are inexpensive and readily available bio- indicators. in the present study, phytoplankton were used to study the sefid ...

We present a simple method for describing the influence of variable attenuation of spectral irradiance, Kd(λ), on water-column photosynthesis and its inhibition by ultraviolet radiation (UV). The approach is based on weighted water transparency, a calculation introduced by Vincent et al. 1998 (Ann Glaciol 27:691–696). Key results of a depthand spectrally-resolved model of photosynthesis can be ...

Transparency and accountability are often regarded as crucial for good governance and the efficient organization of public affairs. To systematically explore the impact of transparency and accountability on cooperation, we conduct a series of laboratory experiments on a variation of the public good game with asymmetric agents. While (standard) agents may only contribute to the public good, some...

The possibility of neutron and neutrino detection using water Cerenkov detectors doped with gadolinium holds the promise of constructing very large high-efficiency detectors with wide-ranging application in basic science and national security. This study addresses a major concern regarding the feasibility of such detectors: the transparency of the doped water to the ultraviolet Cerenkov light. ...

Water transparency is a useful indicator of water quality or productivity and is widely used to detect long-term changes in the water quality and eutrophication of lake ecosystems. Based on short-term spatial observations in the spring, summer, and winter and on long-term site-specific observation from 1988 to 2013, the spatial, seasonal, long-term variations, and the factors affecting transpar...

Phytoplanktons are the first bio- indicators of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton assemblage and aquatic ecosystems are always influenced by environmental factors therefore these environmental changes and threats must be understood in any ecosystem. Phytoplankton are inexpensive and readily available bio- indicators. In the present study, phytoplankton were used to study the Sefid ...