abstract in order to optimize the water management in agriculture in semi arid and arid conditions water-salinity function should be evaluated. in order to evaluate salinity and deficit irrigation two experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009. kochia was grown with six levels of saline water (1.5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 ds/m) and three levels of applied water (25, 75, and 125 percent of the wa...

While the quantity of water used in the home is thought to be an important determinant of health, much of the evidence relies on using water access as a proxy for quantity. This review examines the health effects of household water quantity using studies that directly measured water quantity. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and article reference lists. Eligibl...

This inequality is especially critical for Asia, which has 60% of the world’s population but only 36% of the world’s water. Water quality in terms of pollutant loading also is not distributed equally and is related to the type of use and a country’s level of development (Figure 2). Developing countries often have less capacity to improve water quality and depend on lower-quality water for a var...

The management of water resources requires simulation models for different time horizons and spatial scales as well as different types of information systems as GIS or Water Information Systems. Mathematical models integrate former experiences and theoretical knowledge about a system with actual information gained by natural processes and man-induced activities. Because of the great variety and...

Exposure to naturally occurring and man-made radionuclides can occur through drinking water or via inhalation or dermal pathways while showering or during other contact with the water. R adioactivity surrounds us; each day we are exposed to a certain amount by virtue of being alive on planet Earth. Some of this exposure comes from radioactive substances (radionuclides) that occur naturally in a...

Water quantity and quality joint operation is a new mode in the present dams' operation research. It has become a hot topic in governmental efforts toward integrated basin improvement. This paper coupled a water quantity and quality joint operation model (QCmode) and genetic algorithm with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Together, these tools were used to explore a reasonable operation o...