Waste water purification is shown to be an important field of environmental hygiene for non-ferrous metal industries. Hydrometallurgy becomes of greater importance for metal production and refining. Quality standards for drinking water and rivers require a minimum of some harmful impurities, e.g. metal compounds. The unit operations of hydrometallurgy technologically parallel the methods of eff...

A potentially-economic three-fold strategy, to use solid olive wastes in water purification, is presented. Firstly, oil remaining in solid waste (higher than 5% of waste) was recovered by the Soxhlet extraction technique, which can be useful for the soap industry. Secondly, the remaining solid was processed to yield relatively high-surface area active carbon (AC). Thirdly, the resulting carbon ...

Dairy waste, more than any other trade waste has long since attracted the attention of specialists in the field of waste water purification. Many experiments have been made with artificial waste water, made from milk or milk products. Dairy wastes provide an excellent nutrient medium for many types of bacteria and fungi and, contrary to opinions held at one time, are very amenable to aerobic bi...

During incineration of wastes in waste incineration plants, polluted flue gases are generated which have to be subjected to flue gas purification. Although the legal requirements are nearly unambiguous, the question of whether wet flue gas purification is to be performed in a sewage-free or sewage-generating manner is discussed controversially by experts in the Federal Republic of Germany. As a...

Organic pollution is the term used when large quantities of organic compounds are found in waste water. It originates from domestic sewage, urban run-off; industrial effluents and agriculture wastewater. Water shortage and water quality are the main issues in the global water crisis. As the population increases, there is ever growing demand on water resources. Wastewater with organic pollutants...

The bacterial population dynamics in an industrial scale reverse-osmosis (RO) water purification system were analyzed by fluorescent staining methods and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Bacterial numbers increased with storage in a tank, and bacterial diversity changed during the water purification process. A DNA sequence-based analysis of the major bands on the DGGE gel reveale...

FIFTY years ago sanitary engineering in this country scarcely existed, even in name. The larger cities were provided with public water supplies and there was a general desire among sanitarians to supply water free from filth. Sewers in combination with storm water drains.had been built in the larger communities to a limited extent for several decades. Some of the more progressive engineers were...