in this research, the charged system search (css) and enhanced charged system search (ecss) algorithm are used to obtain the optimum design of irregular grillage systems with different spacing and various boundary conditions. the cross-sectional properties of the beams are selected as the design variables and the weight of structure is used as the objective function. the displacement limitation...

Grillages are widely used in various structures. In this research, the Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) and Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO) algorithms are used to obtain the optimum design of irregular grillage systems. The purpose of this research is to minimize the weight of the structure while satisfying the design constraints. The design variables are considered to be the c...

the finite element method is employed for the flexural-torsional linear buckling analysis of beams of arbitrarily shaped composite cross-section taking into account generalized warping (shear lag effects due to both flexure and torsion). the contacting materials, that constitute the composite cross section, may include a finite number of holes. a compressive axial load is applied to the beam. the...

The finite element method is employed for the flexural-torsional linear buckling analysis of beams of arbitrarily shaped composite cross-section taking into account generalized warping (shear lag effects due to both flexure and torsion). The contacting materials, that constitute the composite cross section, may include a finite number of holes. A compressive axial load is applied to the beam. The...

Warping (Franz et al., 1998b) and 2Dwarping (Möller, 2009) are effective visual homing methods which can be applied for navigation in topological maps. This paper presents several improvements of 2D-warping and introduces two novel “free” warping methods in the same framework. The free warping methods partially lift the assumption of the original warping method that all landmarks have the same ...

Hexagonal warping (HW) in three-dimensional topological insulators is, by now, well known. We show that non-Hermitian (NH) loss/gain can generate an exceptional HW effect double Weyl semimetals (DWSMs). This unique feature of DWSMs has distinctive effects on Fermi surface topology. Importantly, the presence such a ${k}^{3}$ spin orbit coupling mimicking term, symmetry associated with is changed...

In topological insulators momentum and spin lock in a well-defined way. With offset in this spin–momentum locking mechanism eigenenergies for Landau levels are investigated. In particular, the Landau-level eigenenergies with the warping effect included are numerically computed. The density of states for the topological surface-state electrons with and without the warping effect is found and com...

Grafts obtained from peripheral regions of costal cartilage have an inherent tendency to warp over time. Laser irradiation provides a potential method to control the warping process, thus yielding stable grafts for facial reconstructive surgery. In our current study, we propose a simple and well-fitting model that numerically describes the degree of warping of laser irradiated costal cartilage ...

The ultimate aim of virtual reality is to present the user with an illusion of reality within a virtual environment. Visual artefacts that appear in a virtual reality system’s computer generated graphics can easily destroy this artificial sense of reality. Therefore in order to maintain an illusion of reality, it is essential to eliminate or hide such visual artefacts from the user. This paper ...

A kinematically correct choice of velocity focuses subsurface offset image gathers at zero offset. Infinitesimal warping from the current image towards its focus can be approximated by a horizontal contraction. The image residual can be then taken as the difference between the warped and the original image to account for the velocity error. Least squares fitting of the effect of a velocity pert...