Wide area measurement system (WAMS) is one of the essential components in the future power system. To make WAMS construction plans, practical models of the power network observability, reliability, and underlying communication infrastructures need to be considered. To address this challenging problem, in this paper we propose a unified framework for WAMS planning to cover most realistic concern...

The wide area measurement system (WAMS) developed rapidly in recent years [1-3]. It has been applied to the studies on many topics in monitoring and control of power systems. But as a kind of measurement system, WAMS has the measurement error and bad data unavoidably. The steady measurement errors of WAMS have been prescribed in corresponding IEEE standard [4], but the dynamic measurement error...

In order to obtain the transient power system measurement information, Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) should be able to collect Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data in a timely manner. Therefore along with the continual deployment of PMUs in Great Britain (GB) transmission system substations, a high performance communications infrastructure is becoming essential with regard to the establishm...

Along with the widely application of the Wide— Area Measurement System in power system, voltage instability based on WAMS is becoming all increasingly important worldwide issue.By using the WAMS to collect the measured value of local voltage and current vector directly, we can realize the online estimate and instruction of the voltage stability degree of key node. Use this as a foundation, this...

The need to determine the variables that help characterize the real water status of vineyards calls for further research aimed at testing current techniques for water status quantification, and particularly for the determination of leaf water potential (LWP). The Scholander Pressure Chamber (SPC) has been widely used and considered as the reference technique. Yet, the frequent use of thermocoup...

Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) enable real time monitoring and control of smart grids by combining digital measurement devices, communication and control systems. As WAMS consist of various infrastructures, they imply complex dependencies among their underlying systems and components of different types, such as cyber, physical and geographical dependencies. Although several works exist in...

Time-delay is inherent to communications schemes in power systems, and a closed loop strategy the presence of latencies increases inter-area oscillations security problems tie-lines. Recently, Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) have been introduced improve observability overcome slow-rate from traditional Supervisory Control Data Acquisition (SCADA). However, there need for tackling time-dela...