historical earthquakes play a notable role in engineering seismology. the historical kashan-sialk region, 3 km south of kashan, was surveyed in the viewpoint of historical earthquakes events. several devastating historical earthquakes, occurred in the bc time, identified based on archaeological studies and evidences gathered from field study. in this respect a variety of information, namely tim...

This article deals with prehistoric stone objects called ‘thunderstones,’ which in the Middle Ages through modern times wereoften placed at border points of houses and farm buildings (e.g., roofs, chimneys, walls, thresholds), as well town walls other defence walls. It should be assumed that they were used a magical means to protect areas considered controlled by humans (orbis interior) from th...

Reconciling human and non-human use of urban regions to support biological conservation represents a major challenge for the 21st century. The concept of reconciliation ecology, by which the anthropogenic environment may be modified to encourage non-human use and biodiversity preservation without compromising societal utilization, potentially represents an appropriate paradigm for urban conserv...

there are several courtyards of historical buildings in iran that have changed their original function because of reuse and have adopted for physical adjustments of the renovation projects. usually they are covered by lightweight roofsand have been used as religious spaces, praying or audience halls, restaurants, exhibitions rooms, etc. unfortunately most of these lightweight roofs have inappro...

Many strucrural engineers are surprised to learn that the In~rnotional Building Code (IBC, 2009) requires the roof structure to be engineered for standing water weight in the vicinity of the drains and scuppers regardless of roof slope. In addition, some low-slope roofs also require special attenlion for water weight and stiffness for safety against ponding failures or protection against accele...

Early design decisions made on building configuration and spatial design affect seismic behavior of buildings. Therefore introducing design guidelines and empirical methods implemented to assess seismic behavior of buildings have been proposed as an appropriate approach. Such concept helps architects to take into the consideration that how their preliminary design decisions influence downstream...

We present a robust approach to creating 2.5D building models from aerial LiDAR point clouds. The method is guaranteed to produce crack-free models composed of complex roofs and vertical walls connecting them. By extending classic dual contouring into a 2.5D method, we achieve a simultaneous optimization over the three dimensional surfaces and the two dimensional boundaries of roof layers. Thus...

The increasing availability in multiple data sources acquired by different sensor platforms has provided the great advantages for desired result achievement. This paper proposes the use of both mobile laser scanning (MLS) data and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images for 3D model reconstruction. Due to no available exterior orientation parameters for UAV images, the first task is to georeferenc...