according to non-existence of accurate inspection tools on various steps of design and construction of buildings in the past, also due to any change in function of some structures and finally of seismic activities of residential regions of the country, vulnerability assessment of existing structures is necessary. evaluation of vulnerability of the structures is classified in two categories, qua...

background: groundwater nitrate pollution is an important environmental problem in water resources management. in this regard, specific measures aiming at prevention of water pollution will be helpful to managers and decision-makers. identification of aquifers’ vulnerable areas and determination of groundwater protection zones using most widely used models, such as drastic and cd, are one of th...

due to simple operation and no needs for expensive infrastructure construction to convey water from a source to farm lands, groundwater becomes the most important sources of agricultural water supply in iran. however, the contamination of aquifers is a major concern in many countries, specifically in areas without effective groundwater protection and management. therefore, groundwater vulnerabi...

Costa Rica comprises approximately 6% of the world’s biodiversity. Among these lush ecosystems, wetlands are represented in mangrove forests near sea, along river lowlands, sedimentary and volcanic mountains, highland páramo landscapes. In 2018, Ministry Environment Energy (MINAE), through National System Conservation Areas (SINAC), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Global Facility (GE...

A small but growing literature has been concerned about the economic (and environmental) vulnerability on the level of countries. Less attention is paid to the economic vulnerability of different regions within countries. By focusing on the vulnerability of subnational regions, our paper contributes to the small literature on the ‘vulnerability of place’. We see the vulnerability of place as be...

introduction because of expansion of agricultural activities and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and location of municipal and industrial wastewater of andimeshk, it is possible for this aquifer to be polluted. therefore, the aim of present study is to assess the aquifer vulnerability of andimeshk plain and recognition of sensitive areas against pollution which this work can be conducted ...

with respect to population growth and agricultural development in ardabil plain, vulnerability assessment of the plain aquifer is necessary for management of groundwater resources and the prevention of groundwater contamination. in this study, vulnerability of ardabil plain aquifer to pollution was evaluated by drastic method. drastic model was prepared by seven effective parameters on vulnerab...