seems there is a semantic confusion in the definition of perimembranous VSD coming from the vague definition given by many authors using the term subarterial or subaor-tic VSD to describe perimembranous VSD. When the aorta is far away, it seems that there is difficulty in distinguishing perimembranous VSD from inlet VSD. The definition of the membranous septum is independent from the aortic ann...

The M-mode echocardiographic findings of ventricular septal defect (VSD) are nonspecific. A specific pulsed Doppler echocardiographic (PDE) diagnosis of VSD can be made by following the turbulent VSD jet through the septum. To assess the sensitivity, specificity and limitations of PDE diagnosis of VSD, 105 children undergoing cardiac catheterization were examined by PDE. These children had a va...

OBJECTIVES To determine the correlation exists between ventricular septal defect (VSD) and ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA). Methods: Between September 2003 and April 2014, 80 RSVA patients underwent surgical repair. These patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: the VSD group (38 cases) and the non-VSD group (42 cases).  Results: Rupture points of SVA originated more fr...

Thirty-five consecutive patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with aortic insufficiency (AI) who underwent corrective surgery are presented. There were seven operative and three late deaths among the patients operated upon before 1968. No death, however, was encountered among the most recent 18 consecutive patients. The VSD was closed directly in 14 patients and with a Teflon...

Thirty-five consecutive patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with aortic insufficiency (AI) who underwent corrective surgery are presented. There were seven operative and three late deaths among the patients operated upon before 1968. No death, however, was encountered among the most recent 18 consecutive patients. The VSD was closed directly in 14 patients and with a Teflon...

Thirty-five consecutive patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with aortic insufficiency (AI) who underwent corrective surgery are presented. There were seven operative and three late deaths among the patients operated upon before 1968. No death, however, was encountered among the most recent 18 consecutive patients. The VSD was closed directly in 14 patients and with a Teflon...

Children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) often demonstrate failure to thrive (FTT). Such patients usually have reduced systemic cardiac output which has been postulated as a cause for their growth retardation. This study was conducted to ascertain the mechanism of the reduced cardiac output in children with VSD and FTT and also in a porcine model of VSD. Forward stroke volume was reduced i...

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common form of congenital heart diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in causal cardiac tissue remodeling. We studied the changes of circulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the patients with VSD severity and closure. There were 96 children with perimembranous VSD enrolled in this study. We ...

Left-to-right (L-R) shunting across a ventricular septal defect (VSD) often involves a direct VSD-pulmonary arterial component (jet) that surges from the VSD immediately into the pulmonary artery. We used the thermodilution technique in dogs with acute experimental VSD to quantify this component. In dogs with supracristal VSD (n = 7), the direct component represented 76 +/- 4% (mean +/- SE) of ...