نتایج جستجو برای: volcanic eruption

تعداد نتایج: 23298  

2005
Andrew W. Woods Juergen Kienle

In this paper, we present some physical models that can describe the ascent of volcanic ash into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption. We consider both sustained volcanic eruption columns and discrete volcanic thermal clouds. To test the modeling approach, we compare our predictions of the ascent rate of a model cloud with some observations of the ascent of the ash cloud during the April 1...

2012
Fredric M. Ham Ishwarya Iyengar Bereket M. Hambebo Milton Garces John Deaton Anna Perttu Brian Williams

Plinian volcanic eruptions can inject a substantial amount of volcanic ash and gas into the stratosphere, which can present a severe hazard to commercial air traffic. A hazardous volcanic ash eruption was reported on April 14, 2010, and London’s aviation authority issued an alert that an ash plume was moving from an eruption in Iceland towards northwestern Europe. This eruption resulted in the ...

2018
Gordon Woo

The statistical foundation of disaster risk analysis is past experience. From a scientific perspective, history is just one realization of what might have happened, given the randomness and chaotic dynamics of nature. Stochastic analysis of the past is an exploratory exercise in counterfactual history, considering alternative possible scenarios. In particular, the dynamic perturbations that mig...

2004
Jeffrey B. Johnson Richard C. Aster Philip R. Kyle

[1] Infrasonic airwaves produced by active volcanoes provide valuable insight into the eruption dynamics. Because the infrasonic pressure field may be directly associated with the flux rate of gas released at a volcanic vent, infrasound also enhances the efficacy of volcanic hazard monitoring and continuous studies of conduit processes. Here we present new results from Erebus, Fuego, and Villar...

Journal: :Science 1982
A Robock C Mass

The surface temperature effects of the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens Volcano were examinedfor 1 day immediately after the eruption; 24-hour temperature differences and Model Output Statistics errors as well as the detailed temporal evolution of surface temperature at selected stations were used. During the daytime hours immediately after the eruption, the temperature was suppressed b...

Journal: :Science 1981
A Robock

An energy-balance numerical climate model was used to simulate the effects of the Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption of 18 May 1980. The resulting surface temperature depression is a maximum of 0.1 degrees C in the winter in the polar region, but is an order of magnitude smaller than the observed natural variability from other effects and will therefore be undetectable.

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012
John Lowe Nick Barton Simon Blockley Christopher Bronk Ramsey Victoria L Cullen William Davies Clive Gamble Katharine Grant Mark Hardiman Rupert Housley Christine S Lane Sharen Lee Mark Lewis Alison MacLeod Martin Menzies Wolfgang Müller Mark Pollard Catherine Price Andrew P Roberts Eelco J Rohling Chris Satow Victoria C Smith Chris B Stringer Emma L Tomlinson Dustin White Paul Albert Ilenia Arienzo Graeme Barker Dusan Boric Antonio Carandente Lucia Civetta Catherine Ferrier Jean-Luc Guadelli Panagiotis Karkanas Margarita Koumouzelis Ulrich C Müller Giovanni Orsi Jörg Pross Mauro Rosi Ljiljiana Shalamanov-Korobar Nikolay Sirakov Polychronis C Tzedakis

Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the disc...

2009
Jihong Cole-Dai David Ferris Alyson Lanciki Joël Savarino Mélanie Baroni Mark H. Thiemens

[1] Climate records indicate that the decade of AD 1810–1819 including ‘‘the year without a summer’’ (1816) is probably the coldest during the past 500 years or longer, and the cause of the climatic extreme has been attributed primarily to the 1815 cataclysmic Tambora eruption in Indonesia. But the cold temperatures in the early part of the decade and the timing of the Tambora eruption call int...

2003
Christiane Textor Michael Herzog J. M. Oberhuber

[1] Explosive eruptions can inject large amounts of volcanic gases into the stratosphere. These gases may be scavenged by hydrometeors within the eruption column, and high uncertainties remain regarding the proportion of volcanic gases, which eventually reach the stratosphere. These are caused by the difficulties of directly sampling explosive volcanic eruption columns and by the lack of labora...

2003
David P. Hill

Introduction On average, some 120 strong earthquakes (M ≥ 6) and 60 volcanic eruptions occur somewhere in the world every year. Thus it shouldn’t be hugely surprising when news of a volcanic eruption follows news of a damaging earthquake somewhere else in the world by a week or less. Such newsworthy coincidences inevitably prompt the question from both the media and the public, “is this eruptio...

نمودار تعداد نتایج جستجو در هر سال

با کلیک روی نمودار نتایج را به سال انتشار فیلتر کنید