BACKGROUND Jujube extract is commonly used as a food additive and flavoring. The unique jujube aroma and the mild sweet aroma of the extract are critical factors that determine product quality and affect consumer acceptability. The aroma changes with changes in the extraction condition, which is typically dependent on the characteristics of volatile oils in the extract. Despite their importance...

This experiment demonstrates the use of colligative properties. The goal is to measure the molecular weight of a non-volatile solute by determining the concentration dependence of the boiling point elevation of a solution. The solvent used must be one of the compounds commonly referred to as volatile; that is, it must have an appreciable vapor pressure. One of the several useful aspects of coll...

The term organic coating encompasses conventional paints, varnishes, enamels, lacquers, water-emulsion and solution finishes, nonaqueous dispersions (organosols), plastisols and powder coatings. The following definitions have been used commonly, although they have not always been strictly applied. Paint is a suspension of finely divided pigment particles in a liquid composed of a binder (resin)...

A new method for determination of volatile terpenoids in wine is proposed. An off-line solid phase extraction—gas chromatographic method has been used for the determination. The influence of several extraction variables was studied, including the solid phase employed (C-18 versus divinylbenzene-based), eluting solvent (n-pentane, dichloromethane, ethanol and methanol), volume of eluting solvent...

it has been observed that most of the chemical entities have high lipophilicity and poor aqueous solubility, which result in poor bioavailability. in order to improve the bioavailability, the release behavior of such drugs should be improved. although there are numerous techniques to handle solubility related issue, but they are expensive due to involvement of complicated equipments, advanced m...

A rapid headspace single-drop microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SDME-GC-MS) for the analysis of the volatile compounds in Herba Asari was developed in this study. The extraction solvent, extraction temperature and time, sample amount, and particle size were optimized. A mixed solvent of n-tridecane and butyl acetate (1 : 1) was finally used for the extraction with sample amo...

Lignin is an important renewable source of phenolic products. In this study, alkali lignin was depolymerized to produce phenolic compounds. The effects of catalyst, solvent, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the yields of liquid products and volatile fractions were investigated in detail. Compared with the solvents water and octane, alcohols can significantly promote depolymerization o...