this study compared the effects of two annotation modalities on the reading comprehension of iranian intermediate level efl learners. the two experimental groups under study received treatment on 10 academic l2 reading passages under one of two conditions: one group received treatment on key words in the reading passages through a multimedia environment providing textual annotations. the second...

Annotation of MEDLINE citations with controlled vocabulary terms improves the quality of retrieval results. Due to variety in descriptions of similar clinical phenomena and abundance of negation and uncertainty, annotation of clinical radiology reports for subsequent indexing and retrieval with a search engine is even more important. Provided with an opportunity to add about 4,000 radiology rep...

In our modern technological world, Computer-Assisted Language learning (CALL) is a new realm towards learning a language in general, and learning L2 vocabulary in particular. It is assumed that the use of multimedia annotations promotes language learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the effects of different multimedia annotations (still picture annotatio...

A rich semantic model of annotation is presented that distinguishes several annotation types, uses controlled vocabulary where appropriate, and supports multi-facetted characterization of documents, annotation of parts of documents as well as of entire documents, and annotation of document associations besides annotation of single documents. This model has served as the basis for implementing a...

One of the main ways to acquire unfamiliar words is to make guesses about words meaning. This study investigates the comparative effects of pictorial annotations and morphological instructions on Iranian EFL learners’ lexical inferencing ability. Considering homogeneity issues using PET (Preliminary English Test), the researchers assigned the participants into two experimental and one control g...

The Gene Ontology (GO) project provides a controlled vocabulary to facilitate high-quality functional gene annotation for all species. Genes in biological databases are linked to GO terms, allowing biologists to ask questions about gene function in a manner independent of species. This tutorial provides an introduction for biologists to the GO resources and covers three of the most common metho...

A review of multimedia annotation techniques, in particular image annotation, is presented. The annotation requirements for the Benchmarking workpackage of the MUSCLE EU Network of Excellence are also presented and discussed. A significant contribution is the creation of a keyword vocabulary based on an analysis of keywords used in experiments for testing automated image annotation algorithms a...

This study examined the effectiveness of L1 and L2 glosses on incidental vocabulary learning in a multimedia environment. The investigation included the effects of additional pictorial cues in L1 and L2 glosses, and how these additions affect vocabulary learning. The analyses of a mixed design repeated measures 2 (L1, L2) X 2 (picture, no picture) X 2 (immediate test, delayed test) analysis of ...

An important vision problem is to automatically describe what people are doing a sequence of video. This problem is difficult for many reasons. First, tracking the articulations of people is difficult because arms and legs are small and can move quite fast. Secondly, one must sew the estimated poses from each frame together into a coherent motion path; this is difficult because people can move ...

Schema.org is an initiative by Bing, Google, Yahoo! and Yandex that publishes a vocabulary for creating structured data markup on web pages. The use of schema.org is necessary to increase the visibility of a website, making the content understandable to different automated agents (e.g. search engines, chatbots or personal assistant systems). The domain specifications are the subsets of types fr...