the aim of this study was to compare the level of agreement between four operators with different levels of experience for two methods of detecting secondary enamel and dentin carious lesions in composite restored teeth.sixty teeth of 40 patients with with secondary carious lesions in the composite resin were selected. the teeth were examined by two methods; visual inspection and a laser fluore...

o bjectives: early diagnosis of incipient and non cavitated carious lesions is crucial for performing preventive treatments. the aim of this study was to compare the effi- ciency of three diagnostic methods of bite-wing radiography, diagnodent, and visu- al examination in diagnosing the incipient occlusal caries of permanent first molars. materials and methods:  in this diagnostic cross-section...

A 41-year-old man was referred with a complaint of visual loss in his left eye and his best corrected visual acuity was 20/80. Slit lamp examination showed arborizing conjunctival vessels and dry eye. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography revealed a non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Cardiovascular, rheumatologic, and hematologic work up showed no abnormal findings. An ascert...

purpose: to determine the effect of occluding a normal eye on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis in amblyopic school children. methods: amblyopic children from primary schools of region 2 in mashhad were identified and referred to optometry clinics of mashhad medical university through a screening program. informed consent was obtained from the parents. all subjects underwent an...

purpose: to report a case of acute retinal necrosis following herpetic encephalitis. case report: a 25-year-old male presented with pain and visual loss in his left eye. he had herpetic encephalitis 1 month prior to the visual symptoms. ophthalmologic examination and paraclinical evaluation disclosed acute retinal necrosis. conclusion: herpetic encephalitis may be a risk factor for acute retina...

purpose: to report a case of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (aion) after ingestion of tadalafil (a drug for management of erectile dysfunction). patient and findings: a healthy 26-year-old male was referred due to loss of vision and visual field defect in his left eye a few days after using tadalafil. visual loss was progressive during the following days. examination revealed disc swelling ...