there are many commentaries on light in its role as the subject matter of illuminative philosophy. according to suhrawardi, light is a symbol of “consciousness” and “self-consciousness”. therefore “knowledge” is the pivot of suhrawardi’s philosophy. the fundamental issue addressed in this study is the evaluation of vision or intuition in the essential topic of illuminationist philosophy, that i...

junayd baghdadi is one of the greatest mystics and theorist of the first mystical tradition. his speeches about cognition and towhid (monotheism) are very valuable. attending to different levels of audiences, he has mentioned different stages for towhid. his remarks about towhid prove that both mystical practices and mystical vision play an important role for achieving the stage of towhid. to r...

Mystical experiences represent a fundamental dimension of human existence. These experiences are commonly reported across all cultures. A mystical experience subjectively is characterized by encountering the divine in a way that disrupts the normal sense of self . The definitions of mystical experience used in research and clinical publications vary considerably, ranging from "upheaval of the t...

Avicenna is a renowned peripatetic philosopher whose rationality continuously draws the attention of many scholars. In many of his works, he resorts to the hierarchy of intellects (angels) to explain the process of the emanation of the multiplicity from the One, as well as the emergence of beings. As these intellects are among the ontological causes of the human soul in the arc of descent, they...

this research is about the comparison between orthodox mysticism and kubrawiyid sufism on the concept of vision, both of which have common origin. the eastern orthodoxy has esoteric and spiritual epigrams more than other christian sects, and considering geographical and political conditions, has close relationship with the east, specifically islamic world. an important issue of semitic religion...