allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is a curative treatment option for hematological disorders. cyclosporine (csa) is one of the major immunosuppressive agents for the prophylaxis against graft versus host disease (gvhd). in this retrospective study, we evaluated the effects of csa serum levels on the incidence of acute gvhd and transplant outcomes. 103 adult patients rece...

We survey some of the history of the most famous open question in computing: the P versus NP question. We summarize some of the progress that has been made to date, and assess the current situation.

for which each of the assumptions ai and guarantees gi has a Rabin index of one. We show how to build a parity game with at most five colours that captures all solutions to the synthesis problem from such a specification. This parity game has a structure that is amenable to symbolic implementations. We furthermore show that the results obtained are in some sense tight, i.e., that there does not...

An n × n array A with entries from {1, . . . , n} is avoidable if there is an n × n Latin square L such that no cell in L contains a symbol that occurs in the corresponding cell in A. We show that the problem of determining whether an array that contains at most two entries per cell is avoidable is NP-complete, even in the case when the array has entries from only two distinct symbols. Assuming...

We introduce a formal sentence noted ½P ¼ NP Š

Amerikkalainen Clay Mathematics Institute -tutkimuslaitos nimesi keväällä 2000 vuosituhannen vaihtumisen kunniaksi seitsemän avointa matemaattista ongelmaa, joista kunkin ratkaisijalle on luvassa miljoonan dollarin palkinto. Yhtenä instituutin listan [6] tehtävänä on selvittää, onko “P=NP”. Listan taustamateriaalista löytyvän täsmällisen määritelmän mukaan tämä lyhyt merkintä tarkoittaa kysymys...

This paper is a critique of version three of Joonmo Kim’s paper entitled “P 6= NP by Modus Tollens.” After summarizing Kim’s proof, we note that the logic that Kim uses is inconsistent, which provides evidence that the proof is invalid. To show this, we will consider two reasonable interpretations of Kim’s definitions, and show that “P 6= NP” does not seem to follow in an obvious way using any ...