Two eye-tracking experiments investigated how and when pointing gestures and location descriptions affect target identification. The experiments investigated the effect of gestures and referring expressions on the time course of fixations to the target, using videos of human gestures and human voice, and animated gestures and synthesized speech. Ambiguous, yet informative pointing gestures elic...

The presented strategy of automatic baseline detection in chromatograms combines fuzzy logic and neural network approaches. It is based on a verbal description of a baseline referring to a 2D image of a chromatogram instead of a data vector. Baselines are expected to touch data points on the lower border of the chromatogram forming a mainly horizontal and straight line. That description has bee...

Over the past few years, several alternative approaches have been suggested to represent the spatial knowledge that emerges from natural environments. This paper introduces a rule-based approach whose objective is to generate a spatial semantic network derived from several humans reporting a navigation process in a natural environment. Verbal descriptions are decomposed and characterized by a g...

This paper first describes a technique to generate verbal descriptions of sequences of RDF triples. Then, it discusses how to apply the technique to create verbal descriptions of geographic maps which are useful to the visually impaired users or in situations where visual information cannot be displayed.