polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are toxic pollutants released by various urban combustion sources. tehran is the largest city in iran with a population of about 8 million and it is faced with serious air quality problems. the gas phase samples collected from 21 sites in tehran area throughout year 2005. the samples‘ pahs were collected using a skc trapping consisting of glass cartridg...

Introduction Conclusions References

during the recent decades, rapid urbanization growth has led to even faster growth of motorvehicles and especially in large cities. hence, evaluation of the actual level of traffic emissions has gained more interest. this paper, for the first time, presents a bottom-up approach for evaluation of vehicular emissions in tehran- the capital of iran- using the international vehicle emission (ive) m...

in recent years, reducing emissions has become an important issue. besides reducing the economic costs, reducing the fuel consumption decreases emissions, pollutant impact and increases society health as well. green vehicle routing problem are a major key to reduce hazardous effects of transportation such as air pollution, greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions, noise and the like. generally, the amoun...

This study explores the relationship between the vehicle exhaust emissions caused by a trip and the characteristics of the driver involved. The hypothesis formulated is that certain ‘groups’ of individuals produce more emissions (per kilometre) than others and therefore should be treated differently when aiming vehicle emission reduction. To support this hypothesis an activity-based survey coll...

This paper presents some of the issues that complicate the statistical analysis of real-world vehicle emissions and the effectiveness of emissions control programs. The following issues are discussed: 1) interand intra-vehicle emissions variability, 2) skewness of the distribution of emissions from inuse vehicles, 3) the difficulty of obtaining statistically representative vehicle samples, 4) t...

Understanding the relation between vehicle emissions and traffic control measures is an important step toward reducing the potential for global warming, smog, ozone depletion, and respiratory illness. Traffic analysts, through improved roadway design and traffic control, have the ability to reduce vehicle emissions. However, current vehicle emissions models do not allow traffic analysts to easi...

.......................................................................................................................... IX 1.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................................................

Vehicle exhaust emissions have posed a serious threat in recent years to the urban air quality of Beijing. It is necessary to accurately estimate the magnitude and distribution of these emissions in order to reduce the uncertainty of local scale air quality modeling assessment. This paper provides a bottom-up approach by combining vehicle emission factors and vehicle activity data from a travel...