Using a vectorcardiogram only in the horizontal plane, spots of the vector loop were colored according to a specially designed apparatus, so that changes in height of the spots could be indicated by differences in those colors. Consequently, the spatial vectorcardiogram was represented by a single, colored graph, i.e. a "color vectorcardiogram." By the use of this graph, an attempt was made to ...

The Frank system vectorcardiogram has been studied in 61 patients with severe mitral valve disease to determine the value of the vectorcardiogram in the recognition of the relative degree of left and right ventricular hypertrophy in this situation. The appearance of the usual evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy is delayed in mitral valve disease by the vertical electrical position of the ...

The spatial vectorcardiogram and the spatial ventricular gradient of normal subjects in the last trimester of pregnancy and in some of the same subjects following delivery have been studied. It was found that the vectorcardiograms could be divided into two groups on the basis of the form of the QRS sfi-loops, as has been previously reported for other normal subjects. In some instances records t...

TheJ' loop of the spatial vectorcardiogram has been studied, using the Frank system of lead placement, in 25 patients with accidental hypothermia. There was a highly significant correlation (P<0o0025) between the duration of the loop (range 40-i60 msec) and the severity of the hypothermia, but its rate of inscription may (a) be uniform throughout, (b) slow progressively throughout, or (c) slow ...

A prospective study was made of 80 patients during typical clinical episodes of acute myocardial infarction with biochemical and scalar electrocardiographic confirmation. Nine patients had bundle-branch block and 12 had had previous episodes of myocardial infarction. Serial electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms were recorded during the first week in hospital. The most striking finding was th...

Vectorcardiography (VCG) is a part of electrocardiography (ECG). The vectorcardiogram displays the various complexes of the electrocardiogram, i.e. QRS, P and T complexes, in the form of "loops" which are determined from vectors representing successive instantaneous mean electric forces from the heart throughout an entire cardiac cycle. Since the heart is a three-dimensional structure, the elec...

Vectorcardiography is being used increasingly as a supplement to conventional electrocardiography. In particular, the scalar tracings may not help in the recognition of right ventricular hypertrophy, because the usually accepted criteria are diverse and unreliable (Sokolow and Lyon, 1949; Milnor, 1957; Wasserburger and Brown, 1958). We have chosen a measurable quantity, namely mean pulmonary ar...