vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a multifunctional cytokine with distinct functions in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, vascular permeability, and hematopoiesis. vegf is a highly conserved, disulfide-bonded dimeric glycoprotein of 34 to 45 kda produced by several cell types including fibroblasts, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, particularly t ...

Introduction: The aim of this review article was to analyze in details the mechanism drugs’ effects treatment and prevention a migraine attack, as well discuss hypotheses pathogenesis.
 Migraine attack agents: main agents for have an anti-nociceptive activity.
 Agents preventive treatment: β-blocker propranolol also has anti-serotonin analgesic activities, most drugs used prophylactic...

congenital vascular lesions occur most often in children. parents of these children take them to maxillofacial surgeons directly or during the treatment of other complications such as infection or jaw bone disorders. various terms now used are unable to describe the pathogenesis and mechanism of the effect of vascular lesions on growth and development of facial bone.  term of hemangioma is used...

Vascular anomalies are categorized into vascular tumours or vascular malformations on the basis of clinical features and histopathology. The literature regarding high flow arteriovenous malformations of the auricle is rare. A case of a patient clinically diagnosed with an arteriovenous malformation of the external ear and was managed with preoperative embolization, surgical excision and reconst...

Long study of human post-mortem material and of the arterial disease in rabbits that follows cholesterol feeding has not yet resulted in an understanding of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Although the focal distribution of the lesions in man and the partition of their contained lipids suggest interactions of local and hemic factors, it has proven difficult to determine either the nature ...