BACKGROUND Laser vaporisation of the prostate has had a considerable impact in recent years. In an attempt to achieve tissue vaporisation with bipolar high-frequency generators, plasma vaporisation was recently introduced. OBJECTIVE To provide the first clinical information on bipolar plasma vaporisation of the prostate for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to bladder outl...

INTRODUCTION Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is regarded as the gold standard surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The completeness of TURP may be assessed indirectly by estimation of the weight of glandular tissue removed. This parameter is often lower than expected. Tissue vaporisation in the course of TURP could be a contributory cause. AIM To quantitat...

A general strategy to determine enthalpies of formation of protic ionic liquids, based solely on enthalpy of solution measurements, was conceived and tested for 1-methylimidazolium ethanoate, leading to Δ(f)H°(m){[Hmim][O(2)CCH(3)], 1} = -(425.7 ± 1.2) kJ mol(-1). This result in conjunction with the enthalpy of formation of gaseous 1-methylimidazole (mim) proposed in this work, Δ(f)H°(m)(mim, g...

Vaporisation and liquid phase thermal decomposition, TD, of two halide ion ionic liquids, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C8C1Im]Cl, and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, [C8C1Im]I, are investigated using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) line of sight mass spectrometry (LOSMS) at ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The ability to use MS to distinguish between vaporisation and TD allows the...

A new method to prepare solid state chlorometallates by reductive dechlorination of solvated niobium pentachloride with vaporisation of nominally free atoms of samanum is described. Products were prepared in an original set-up by evaporation of samarium into a mixed toluene solution of NbCl,, at 180 K. The local order around the Nb atoms was probed by EXAFS spectroscopy at the Nb K edge, using ...

While chemotherapy is a major mode of cancer therapeutics, its efficacy is limited by systemic toxicities and drug resistance. Recent advances in nanomedicine provide the opportunity to reduce systemic toxicities. However, drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment research. Here we developed a nanomedicine composed of a phase-change nano-droplet (PCND) and an anti-cancer ant...

OBJECTIVE To determine which surgical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostate enlargement is cost effective. DESIGN Care pathways describing credible treatment strategies were decided by consensus. Cost-utility analysis used Markov modelling and Monte Carlo simulation. DATA SOURCES Clinical effectiveness data came from a systematic review and an individual l...