the relationship between trade liberalisation and the environment has been the subject of a growing body of literature in recent years. as can be seen from the differing assessment of instrument types for environmental protection, one of the important factors for the relationship between environmental protection and economic competitiveness are regulatory stringency and efficiency. this concern...

Numerous models are proposed to model international trade and promote it. Vanek, instead of designing a trade pattern based on the production, introduced a pattern based on the factor content of trade. In the present study, apart from the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem, we attempt to determine the factor content of Iran's trade without factor price equalization by using internal input-outp...

The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem has been used to predict the factor contents of trade under the ideal assumption that factor prices are equalized. Available empirical studies have shown that the measured contents of factor trade significantly differ from the predicted factor contents of trade. This paper employs a more general definition of factor abundance in the presence of factor price dis...

It is hard to believe that factor endowments theory could offer an adequate explanation of international trade patterns. While the theory adequately predicts Saudi Arabian oil exports, it hardly seems appropriate for explaining the revolutionary impact of new technologies on world trade. Yet to take this position is to misunderstand the thrust of recent empirical research in international trade...

The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem predicts whether a country will be a net exporter of services of a certain factor and the volume of the factor content of trade given the country's and the world's factor endowment information. Recent empirical work has documented that the measured factor content of trade is too small compared to the theoretical prediction and named this special pattern o...

The relationship between trade liberalisation and the environment has been the subject of a growing body of literature in recent years. As can be seen from the differing assessment of instrument types for environmental protection, one of the important factors for the relationship between environmental protection and economic competitiveness are regulatory stringency and efficiency. This concern...

A BSTRACT According to the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem, the net exports of a region are determined by relative abundance of the immobile factors of production. Empirical tests of this theory, usually at a high level of aggregation, have frequently not supported it. We find, instead, that data on interstate trade in wood products within the United States are in strong agreement with the theore...

In the past decade, a variety of questions have been raised concerning the effectiveness of high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. In Southern California, HOV lanes evaluation studies have recently been conducted, justifying the effectiveness of HOV lanes in several ways. However, very little research has been performed in evaluating the air quality benefits of HOV lanes. In this paper, a study is...

I develop a factor content of trade prediction for the Heckscher-OhlinVanek model (HOV) that relates bilateral differences in country endowments to bilateral differences in factor contents. The results are striking. In comparisons of North-South factor contents or factor contents of countries with very different endowments (e.g., with very different capital-labor ratios), there is clear support...

Homogeneity of variance (HOV) is a major assumption underlying the validity of many parametric tests. More importantly, it serves as the null hypothesis in substantive studies that focus on crossor within-group dispersion. Despite a widely acknowledged need for testing HOV, very few textbooks give adequate coverage on the topic, and many HOV tests are still missing from statistical software pac...