this paper initially examines theories proposed by feenberg abouttechnical systems and alternative modernity, analyzes his thoughts, andconcludes that a framework of values needs to be provided in shapingtechnical systems. in a society like iran, where policy makers are looking forthe realization of islamic values, this framework of values is derived fromislam. to explain the relationship betwe...

Much has been made of micro-credentials, and the ‘craze’ (Ralston, 2021) ‘hype’ (Roy & Clark, 2019) they generate. One barriers to their success is that a definition micro-credentials not widely agreed (Kato, Galán-Muros, Weko, 2020). However, succeed, need just definition, but way ensure are valued, bring value key stakeholders: particularly learners, employers providers. To this end, prov...

Indeed, the global production (as a system of creating values) is eventually forming like gigantic and complex network/web value chains that explains transitional structures trade development economy. It's truly new wave globalisation, we term it as (GVCs), nexus among firms, workers consumers around globe. The emergence this scenario asks: how an economy's producers connect in And are they cap...