background: we sought to compare the effectiveness and safety of sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol for the termination of pregnancy with a live full-term fetus. methods: this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 200 primiparous women with normal, singleton, full-term pregnancies candidated for the induction of labor. sublingual and vaginal tablets con...

Exhaustive efforts have been made toward the administration of drugs, via alternative routes, that are poorly absorbed after the oral administration. The vagina as a route of drug delivery has been known since ancient times. In recent years, the vaginal route has been rediscovered as a potential route for systemic delivery of peptides and other therapeutically important macromolecules. However,...

A probiotic bacterium, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (L. lactis) transformed with plasmid ss80, which made it capable of synthesizing and secreting β-lactamase, a 29 kDa protein, was used to deliver β-lactamase via vaginal route. The vaginal absorption of β-lactamase in rats was studied when delivered by this L. lactis system and compared to the β-lactamase solution with or without the untra...

BACKGROUND Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been routinely used for ovulation induction. Because of rapid clearance of the hormone, FSH is commonly administered by daily intramuscular or subcutaneous injections in in-vitro fertilization (IVF). To reduce the number of visits to the clinic, an intermittent vaginal injection of rhFSH every 3 days employing the concepts of mesotherapy and ute...

BACKGROUND Polybactum (Effik International, Brussels, Belgium) is a vaginal mucoadhesive product (medical device) designed to form a film that acts as a mechanical barrier with the aim of inhibiting colonization by specific pathogens. It contains polycarbophil, a bioadhesive agent, and lauryl glucoside (LG), a nonionic surfactant that reinforces the barrier effect through its tensioactive prope...

We have previously reported the contraceptive potential of Magainin-A in rats and rabbits under in vitro and in vivo condition. In this report we evaluated the effect of Magainin-A on the structural organisation of vaginal epithelium in rabbits. The effect of this compound on the erythrocytes and its rate of absorption and clearance from systemic circulation was also studied. The effective cont...

The vagina provides a promising site for local effect as well as systemic drug delivery because of its large surface area, rich blood supply, avoidance of the first-pass effect, relatively high permeability to many drugs and self-insertion. The pharmaceuticals currently used for vaginal delivery includes those that provide protection against viral infections, including Acquired Immune Deficienc...

OBJECTIVE The pharmacokinetics of a 100 mg vaginal progesterone suppository was evaluated on days 1 and 7 and a 200 mg suppository on day 14. All the volunteers were given oral 17 beta-estradiol during the study. STUDY DESIGN Ten postmenopausal women volunteered for this study. Progesterone was given as a vaginal suppository. Peripheral venous samples were obtained at appropriate intervals an...