The effect of vacuum pre-cooling process on leaf lettuce was a complex process of heat and mass transfers. Based on the physical properties of leaf lettuce in vacuum pre-cooling process, an unsteady computation model was constructed to analyze the factors affecting vacuum pre-cooling. Some factors such as the pre-cooling temperature, pressure and quantity of the spray-applied water were verifie...

The temperature of vapour-condenser below 0°C and the final pressure in the vacuum chamber below 0.61kPa during vacuum cooling were experimentally analysed in this paper. The temperature of vapour-condenser, -2 °C, -35°C, -39°C and -71°C, and the final pressure in the vacuum chamber, 0.3kPa, 0.4kPa, 0.5kPa and 0.61kPa, were chosen. The experimental results showed that the cooling rate varies wi...

effects of three pressure reduction rates (prr) of 103 pa s-1, 197 pa s-1, and 347 pa s-1 on temperature distribution and variation, moisture content, and sensory quality of steamed stuffed buns were investigated after vacuum cooling. the distributions and variations of surface temperatures were determined by the thermal infrared imaging method. the temperature profiles presented significant di...

Rice drying with infrared radiation has been investigated during recent years and showed promising potential with improved quality and energy efficiency. However, due to limited penetration capability of infrared radiation, thin layer drying may be used in infrared dryer design. The objective of this study was to study the moisture removal characteristics of thin layer rough rice heated by infr...

4 A prototype Peltier thermoelectric cooling unit has been constructed to cool a cold finger on an 5 electron microprobe. The Peltier unit was tested at 15W and 96W, achieving cold finger 6 temperatures of -10°C and -27°C respectively. The Peltier unit did not adversely affect the analytical 7 stability of the instrument. Heat conduction between the Peltier unit mounted outside the vacuum 8 and...

APE smearing and overlap-Dirac operator are combined to filter QCD vacuum configurations. The results obtained from overlap fermions and improved 5Li cooling are compared, both of them exhibit structures of dilute liquid of instanton. Finally the overlap fermions, improved 5Li cooling and APE smearing are combined to calculate the topological charge and identify the structure of QCD vacuum. The...

Using an under-relaxed cooling algorithm we investigated the vacuum in the 2d O(3) model and 4d pure gauge SU (2). We calibrated the amount of cooling performed to have similar physical effect at different lattice spacings.

This paper discusses the feasibility of cooling using radiation under Hong Kong’s hot and humid climate. Three different designs of a passive radiative cooler were studied in this work. The three designs include non-vacuum, and vacuum with seven potassium chloride (KCl) IR-Pass windows as well as one system with a single KCl IR-Pass window. The coolers were examined during daytime and night tim...

We present results of an investigation into the nature of instantons in 4-dimensional pure gauge lattice SU(2) obtained from conngurations which have been cooled using an under-relaxed cooling algorithm. We discuss ways of calibrating the cooling and the eeects of diierent degrees of cooling, and compare our data for the shapes, sizes and locations of instantons with continuum results. In this ...