murraya koenigii l. (rutaceae), commonly known as curry leaf tree, closely associated with south india where the word “curry” originates from the tamil “kari” for spiced sauces. curry leaves are a rich source of carbazole alkaloids which possess various biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. curry leaf has a potential role in the treatment of diabetes. reser...

A series of experiments examined the effects of regional dopamine depletions produced by intrastriatal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on voluntary and involuntary movements in rats. Depletion of dopamine in the ventrolateral striatum produced a substantial decrease in food intake, from which the animals recovered. Rats with dopamine depletions in anteroventromedial or dorsolateral striatum did...

The present study investigated the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava L. against tacrine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Behavioral assessments such as vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions, orofacial bursts, locomotion, and cognition were recorded. Forebrain of tacrine treated animals was assessed for its antioxidant levels. P. guajava (100 and 200 mg/k...

Effect of methanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (100-300 mg/kg) was studied on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia and neurochemical alterations. The rats were treated with intraperitoneal reserpine (1 mg/kg, ip) for 3 days every other day. On day 5, vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions were counted for 5 min. Reserpine treated rats significantly developed vacuous chewing ...

introduction : tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress has been proposed as possible etiopathologic mechanisms. ginkgo biloba extract (egb) is a natural antioxidant. we investigated the effects of ginkgo biloba extract on neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats, a potential animal mod...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect of ellagic acid, a polyphenol bioactive compound, on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in Wistar male albino rats and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms for this effect. Reserpine (1 mg kgG1, i.p.) was administered on every alternate day for a period of 5 days (day 1, 3 and 5) to induce orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Ellagic aci...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and catalepsy in Wistar male albino rats and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms for these effects. Haloperidol (1 mg/kg, ip) was administered on 21 successive days to induce orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Ellagic acid (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, po) was administered for 21 ...

Background and Objectives: Chlorogenic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound has been reported to possess neuroprotective and antioxidant activities, but the effect of chlorogenic acid on orofacial dyskinesia has not been explored till date, so the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in Wistar male albino rats. Met...

The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system seems to be involved in both reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in normal rats and in the pathogenesis of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In the present study, repeated reserpine administration (1.0 mg/kg, s.c., every other day, for 3 days) increased tongue protrusion and vacuous chewing frequencies as well as the duration of facial twi...