Objective. CagA+/vacAs1+/vacAm1+ Helicobacter pylori upregulates the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (4-1BB), and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) in human gastric epithelial cells. We investigated the correlation between cagA/vacAs1/vacAm1 and TRAF1/4-1BB/Bcl-xL expression in gastric mucosal tissu...

Sequence diversity and population structures can vary widely among pathogenic bacteria species. In some species, all isolates are highly similar, whereas in others most of the isolates are distinguished easily. H. pylori is known for its wide genetic diversity amongst the various strains most especially in the genes involved in virulence. The aim of this study was to evaluate by PCR and sequenc...

Helicobacter pylori has been strongly associated with gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and it is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Two major virulence factors of H. pylori have been described: the cytotoxin-associated gene product (cagA) and the vacuolating toxin (vacA). Since considerable geographic diversity in the prevalence of H. pylori virulence factors has been reported, the aim of...

Helicobacter pylori virulence factors have been suggested to be important in determining the outcome of infection. The H. pylori adhesion protein BabA2 is thought to play a crucial role in bacterial colonization and in induction of severe gastric inflammation, particularly in combination with expression of CagA and VacA. However, the influence of these virulence factors on the pathogenesis of H...

There is not much information available regarding the prevalence of the genotypes of Helicobacter pylori isolates in Turkey, particularly in eastern Turkey. The aims of this study were to detect the prevalence of different genotypes of H. pylori in Turkish patients with gastrointestinal complaints and to determine the relationship of these genotypes with clinical outcome and sex. One hundred fo...

Susana Vacas1* and Mervyn Maze2 1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA 2Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, USA *Corresponding author: Susana Vacas, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 757 Westwood Plaza, Suite 3325, Los Angeles, CA...

Associations of Helicobacter pylori genotypes with disease differ between Western countries and Asia. Therefore, we directly compared histopathological and in vitro responses to clinical isolates with similar genotypes. Sixty-three cagA(+) vacAs1/m1 H. pylori isolates (United States, n = 24; Japan, n = 39) and eight cagA-negative vacAs2/m2 strains were incubated with AGS cells, and supernatants...

Helicobacter pylori has been assigned as a class I carcinogen because of its relation to gastric adenocarcinoma. Chronic H. pylori infection may lead to severe gastritis, glandular atrophy (AT), and intestinal metaplasia (IM). Strains secreting the vacuolating toxin VacA and producing the cytotoxin-associated antigen CagA (type 1 strains), as well as the blood group antigen binding adhesin (Bab...