Multidrug resistance (MDR) genes, which are ATP-binding cassette family genes, encode the cell surface glycoprotein, P-glycoprotein, which functions as an energy-dependent drug efflux pump. Two relevant human genes, PGY1 and PGY3, are located on human chromosome 7, and three relevant mouse genes, mdr1a, mdr1b, and mdr2, are located on mouse chromosome 5. An LMD1 cell line was established after ...

We present new archaeointensity data for southeastern California (V33‡N, V115‡W, 50^1500 yr BP) and northwestern South America (Ecuador, 2.4‡S, 80.7‡W, 4000^5000 yr BP). These results represent the only data from California, as well as the oldest archaeointensity data now available in northwestern South America. In comparing our results to previously published data for the southwestern United S...

Aquaeous methanolic extracts of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) and veratrum (Veratrum album) were evaluated for their effects supplementation in fish diets on oxidative status, digestive enzymes immunity rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three different concentrations 250 (P250), 500 (P500) 1000 (P1000) mg kg-1 (V250), (V500) (V1000) added to the diet fed these 60 days over a...

introduction the main perspective in seasonal prediction of precipitation is presentation of a qualitative prediction for upcoming seasons. the information gained from such predictions can be used for decision making in various disciplines such as agriculture, water management and hydropower production. besides, it can help us reduce the adverse effects of climatic changes like drought and floo...