background: the aim was to compare the intensity of pain caused by suprapubic aspiration (spa) and urethral catheterization for urine sampling in premature infants. methods: a prospective randomized controlled design with 80 premature infants in alzahra university hospital, isfahan, iran was conducted. premature newborns who needed urine samples for microbiologic analysis were randomly assigned...

A urine specimen is traditionally sampled using the clean-catch midstream technique, but this technique is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial content of urine samples taken using individual steps of the clean-catch midstream technique, or combinations of steps. One hundred and ten women students provided a total of 864 early morning urine samples, using a dif...

The objectives of the present study were to estimate the microbial-N flow to the small intestine and to predict the digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) in grazing Karayaka sheep based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives (xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, and allantoin) by the use of spot urine sampling under field conditions. In the trial, 10 Karayaka sheep from 2 to 3 years of age ...

BACKGROUND Choice of urine sampling technique in urinary tract infection may impact diagnostic accuracy and thus lead to possible over- or undertreatment. Currently no evidencebased consensus exists regarding correct sampling technique of urine from women with symptoms of urinary tract infection in primary care. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of urine culture from different...