introduction: water is an essential nutrient for life. it comprises 75% of total body weight in infants,60% in adult males and 50% in adult females. decrease in body water is commonly known as dehydration. acute or chronic dehydration is a common condition in some population groups, especialy the elderly and those who participate in physical activity in warm enviroments. potential consequences ...

The urine color can be an indication of the status of health, especially for the patients with urinary catheterization after a medical intervention. Urinary tract infections are the most frequently developed infections among patients receiving treatment in medical institutions. Sometimes signs and symptoms of infection can be observed from the urine color. However, it is a difficult task for nu...

Changes in body water elicit reflex adjustments at the kidney, thus maintaining fluid volume homeostasis. These renal adjustments change the concentration and color of urine, variables that can, in turn, be used as biomarkers of hydration status. It has been suggested that vitamin supplementation alters urine color; it is unclear whether any such alteration would confound hydration assessment v...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To examine the association between quantified urine color and urine osmolality, and its validity in distinguishing hydration status among college men in Hebei, China. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Sixty-eight college men aged 18~25 years completed a cross-sectional study. All participants were asked to complete a 24-h fluid intake record to estimate fluid intake from beve...

A 53-year-old-man with prostate cancer underwent prostate brachytherapy one month ago. Since then, he has experienced increased urinary frequency, dysuria, perineal discomfort, reduced urinary stream velocity, and nocturia. The patient was prescribed the following medications to relieve his urinary frequency and dysuria: sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, tamsulosin, methylprednisolo...

In 1963 Umberger and Fiorese (1) introduced a colorimetric method for HA,1 based on the color reaction of HA, dissolved in anhydrous pyridine, with BSC. Therefore, for applying their method to determine HA in urine, HA must first be extracted from the urine. We found that HA dissolved in water-pyridine (1:1, by vol) produces a red-orange color when BSC is added at room temperature. The absorpti...

Creatinine in serum or urine is determined by Jaffe's reaction where creatinine produces quantitatively an orange color with picric acid in alkaline medium. After allowing an incubation time of 15 min at room temperature for color development the color is measured at 520 nm. Without taking into consideration the acidic nature of standard, protein free filtrate (PFF) of serum and urine, 1% picri...

Previously published Photo Quizzes are now featured in a mobile app. Get more information at http:// www.aafp.org/afp/apps. A 50-year-old woman presented for a routine catheter change. The patient was wheelchairbound because of a history of transverse myelitis. She had urinary incontinence and was dependent on chronic urinary catheterization. The patient had no symptoms beyond discolored urine....