Background: Toluene is a harmful substance still being used as a solvent and catalyst in many industries that can increase the level of urinary hippuric acid (UHA). This study was designed to examine the level of toluene and UHA among workers of industrial site in seven companies in Sidoarjo, Indonesia and to analyze the risk factors for abnormal UHA. Methods: This study was an analytical cross...

introduction: toluene is an organic solvent that it is one of the byproducts in the coke industry. exposure to toluene causes central nervous system dysfunction and others disorders. many workers are exposed to toluene due to leakage from tracks. therefore the aim of this study was to determine the levels of exposure through environmental and biological monitoring of toluene methods: air toluen...

The urinary excretion rate is calculated based on short-term, defined time sample collections with a known sample mass, and this measurement can be used to remove the variability in urine concentrations due to urine dilution. Adjustment to the urinary excretion rate of hippuric acid was evaluated in 31 healthy volunteers (14 males and 17 females). Urine was collected as short-term or spot sampl...

background: toluene is a harmful substance still being used as a solvent and catalyst in many industries that can increase the level of urinary hippuric acid (uha). this study was designed to examine the level of toluene and uha among workers of industrial site in seven companies in sidoarjo, indonesia and to analyze the risk factors for abnormal uha. methods: this study was an analytical cross...

the aims of this study were to determine hippuric acid and toluene in urine samples, airborne toluene levels, health effects, and to describe any correlation between specimen samples. seventy-five printing workers exposed to toluene at work (exposed group), and 60 nonexposed people (control group) were studied. study participants were selected from same factories in the different positions. uri...

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to determine hippuric acid levels in urine samples, airborne toluene levels, acute and chronic neurological symptoms, and to describe any correlation between urinary hippuric acid and airborne toluene. METHODS The hippuric acid concentration in the urine of 87 paint workers exposed to toluene at work (exposed group), and 87 nonexposed people (control gro...

background: glues are strong, liquid adhesive derived from animal tissues. it has been shown that glue sniffing is associated with demyelinating polyneuropathy. the low molecular weight agents which cause occupational lung disease have generally included the isocyanates exposure to which could result in asthma among workers. toluene is also used widely in glue and adhesive industry and househol...

The fate of 14C-benzylamine after oral administration as the hydrochloride has been investigated in two male volunteers. Over 98% of the administered radiolabel was excreted in the urine as 14C-hippuric acid within 24 hours. The rate of urinary hippuric acid excretion was extremely rapid, with more than 90% of the dose excreted after three hours.