objective: to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of oxybutinin in comparison to tolterodine in treatment of overactive bladder (oab) with detrussor overactivity (doa) in iranian women. materials and methods: one hundred iranian old women with clinical symptoms of oab who show ido in the filling cystometry participated in this randomized double-blinded parallel-group by using two kinds of th...

Scientific evidence supports spontaneous physiologic approaches to second-stage labor care; however, most women in US hospitals continue to receive direction from nurses and birth attendants to use prolonged Valsalva bearing-down efforts as soon as the cervix is completely dilated. Delaying maternal bearing-down efforts during second-stage labor until a woman feels an urge to push (laboring dow...