People embedded in dense social networks are likely to trust and cooperate with other members of their group. However, these individuals are also likely to turn inward and harbor strong hostility toward groups outside their network. Thus, it is important to establish bridging networks between groups. However, the effect of dense networks within a group on bridging networks between groups remain...

in recent decades, extensive studies in order to achieve sustainable patterns of cities and settlements have done in the global arena. that two of the most important theory is urban village in the 80’s and timeless patterns of christopher alexander in the late 70s. jane jacobs and christopher alexander’s ideas, in many aspects provide the context for the idea of an urban village. urban village ...

The year is 2004. Athens, the capital of Greece is hosting the Olympic Games for the first time in 108 years. Athens, to accommodate the needs of the XXVIII Olympiad, has altered the form of the city through major infrastructure projects. The Olympic Village, as one of these projects, is a place with significant information infrastructure and transformation capabilities that will contribute to ...

features [ ] and [a] in place of the rural features [q] and [e] respectively in the vernacular Arabic of rural, non-migrant children and adolescents in the village of Oyoun Al-Wadi in Syria. The study shows that linguistic change in this village is moving in two opposing directions. Girls continue to use their initially acquired mothers’ urban features in their adolescent years; boys who initia...

DEDICATION To my parents and family for their endless love and support. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks to Kathleen Lugosch and Stephen Schreiber for their academic advices and kind help. Urban Villages are a specific phenomenon raised in modern China due to the high-speed economic development and urbanization in recent three decades. And there are social, economic, cultural and architectural ...

This study investigates the spread of two urban features used in Syrian urban centers such as Damascus and Hims to the vernacular Arabic of non-migrant, rural children and adolescents who are residing in the Syrian village of Oyoun Al-Wadi. The first of the two features is the spread of the urban glottal stop in place of the rural voiceless uvular stop. The second is the spread of the low back ...

With China's urbanization continuing to accelerate, a amount of rural people flood into China's cities in recent years, and the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is getting more and more serious. In 2005, the Chinese government put forward a plan for “the construction of new rural village”, in order to coordinate the development of both urban and rural areas. The planning method of ...

The "Urban Village Approach" is one of the most appropriate ways to eliminate recent urban problems, including social, environmental, cultural, and economic shortcomings. Although the urban village approach is generally proper to resolve these types of flaws, its combination with the democratic concept of urban design can definitely provide more effective solutions. So at first, this ...