background: the aim of this study was to determine bioavailability heavy metal concentrations of cu, cd, cr, co and zn and health risk assessment in different types of klang district, selangor (malaysia) urban surface soil using in physiologically based extraction test in vitro human digestion model. methods: a total of 76 urban surface soil was sampled based on seven different types of land us...

Urban areas are major contributors to air pollution and climate change, causing impacts on human health that are amplified by the microclimatological effects of buildings and grey infrastructure through the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Urban greenspaces may be important in reducing surface temperature extremes, but their effects have not been investigated at a city-wide scale. Across a mid-s...

The world’s first satellite dedicated to soil moisture measurement was launched by the European Space Agency on 2nd November 2009. One objective of this Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is to obtain global near-surface (top ~5 cm) soil moisture every 2 to 3 days with a target accuracy of 0.04 m/m. To achieve this goal, the Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIR...

Urban heat island (UHI) effects can strengthen heat waves and air pollution episodes. In this study, the dampening impact of urban trees on the UHI during an extreme heat wave in the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area is examined by incorporating trees, soil, and grass into the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting model and an urban canopy model (WRF-UCM). By param...

heavy metals in high concentrations in soils are potential health risk for humans, animals, and plants. soil samples were collected in five replicates from 20 points with four land use including: roads, refineries, residential area (sadra town), and farmland. heavy metals were determined using flame atomic absorption (analyticjena), while dtpa was chosen as trace elements extractor. in this stu...

In this study, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in 157 concurrently collected soil samples in 2005 over China. Higher concentration of ∑16PAHs was found in urban soil, followed by rural and background soil. The results indicated that PAHs in Chinese surface soil showed a primary distribution pattern, which was confirmed by the positive correlation with emission inventory...

Mitigation of the urban heat island (UHI) effect at the city-scale is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in conjunction with the Princeton Urban Canopy Model (PUCM). Specifically, the cooling impacts of green roof and cool (white/highalbedo) roof strategies over the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area during a heat wave period (7 June–10 June 2008) are assess...

With rapid urban growth in recent years, understanding urban biophysical composition and dynamics becomes an important research topic. Remote sensing technologies introduce a potentially scientific basis for examining urban composition and monitoring its changes over time. The vegetation–impervious surface–soil (V–I–S) model, in particular, provides a foundation for describing urban/suburban en...

dry and wet atmospheric depositions as well as urban surface soil samples were collected in eight different land use zones (during 2010) of the most important and largest industrial city, southwest iran for determining cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc. the average of cd, cr, pb and zn concentrations in the study area for wet precipitation were 17.8 μg/l, 49.97 μg/l, 2.31 μg/l, and 0.53 μg/l, re...