Mobile traverses were used to conduct air temperature observations to clarify the effect of land cover on ambient air temperatures. The study area was located in a suburb of the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. The mobile traverses were conducted at 2 h intervals between 10:00 h on one day and 08:00 h the next day, on selected days from October 2006 to March 2008, for a total of 30 d. We observe...

the main objective was to find association between basal cortisol and neighborhood-level stress. systematic searches, including electronic and hand searches, were conducted. the most recent date of the search was july 26, 2013. primary observational studies included if they considered stress related outcomes in the neighborhood context. using the endnote x7 advanced search option; the authors e...

Background. Cryptotympana atrata and Hyalessa fuscata are the most abundant cicada species in the Korean Peninsula, where their population densities are higher in urban areas than in rural ones. The urban heat island (UHI) effect, wherein human activities cause urban areas to be significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas, may underlie this difference. We predicted a positive relationship...

Cities experience UHIs due to the thermal properties (albedo, thermal emittance, radiative flux, and heat capacity) of human-made substances and urban geometry. This study investigated the existence of an urban heat island (UHI) in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The goal of this project was to assess whether a small-scale city like Gettysburg demonstrates an UHI effect and, if present, the extent an...

Thermal infrared satellite sensor images are widely used for assessing the thermal urban environment as well as for identifying the Urban Heat Islands (UHI) in highly urbanized areas. In this study, the relationship between urban growth and UHI in the megacity of Istanbul was investigated using the Landsat 5 TM satellite sensor data and temperature recordings obtained from the meteorological st...

Urban heating and the formation of the urban heat island (UHI) is one attribute of urban land transformation that is of interest across science disciplines because the UHI signal reflects a broad suite of important land surface changes impacting human health, ecosystem function, local weather and possibly climate. In this paper we use a combination of satellite and ecological map data to charac...

Heat stress is one of the most severe climate threats to human society in a future warmer world. The situation is further exacerbated in urban areas by urban heat islands (UHIs). Because the majority of world’s population is projected to live in cities, there is a pressing need to find effective solutions for the heat stress problem. We use a climate model to investigate the effectiveness of va...

We examine the joint contribution of urban expansion and climate change on heat stress over the Sydney region. A Regional Climate Model was used to downscale present (1990-2009) and future (2040-2059) simulations from a Global Climate Model. The effects of urban surfaces on local temperature and vapor pressure were included. The role of urban expansion in modulating the climate change signal at...

INTRODUCTION This study focuses on stress experiences and the psychological wellbeing of adolescents from rural and urban areas of Turkey and Germany. It also analyzes the role of social support, family problem solving and self-construals (independent vs interdependent) for stress and wellbeing in the different subsamples. METHODS The total sample included 1850 high school students (500 Turki...