Rapid and unplanned industrialization along the low lying regions of East Sikkim has marked an irreversible adverse impact on the ecological, hydrological and geographical attributes. Urban sprawling leading to escalated encroachment is one of the prime factors contributing extensively to the changes environmental attributes are subjected to. It is therefore important to evaluate land coverage ...

Previous urban sprawl studies have typically taken a cross-sectional approach without examining how sprawling urban areas are performing over time. Longitudinal studies of individual or household travel behavior and built-environment preference have made some progress in this direction, but very few studies have explored the longitudinal interaction of urban form with transportation and environ...

Urbanization causes severe environmental degradation and continues to increase in scale and intensity around the world, but little is known about how we should design cities to minimize their ecological impact. With a sprawling style of urban development, low intensity impact is spread across a wide area, and with a compact form of development intense impact is concentrated over a small area; i...

In defense of the sprawling, low-density development which increasingly characterizes modern cities, Gordon and Richardson (1986, 1996) argue that the urban spatial structure generated by market forces reflects the will of the people. Planners, in contrast, typically have little faith in either the efficiency or equity of market-determined outcomes, and advocate detailed land use planning. To e...

today, sprawl is regarded as one of the serious urban problems in most countries. the problem differs from country to country depending on various geographical, economic, social, and political structures. iran is not an exception in this regard. although urbanization in many cities has been rather gradual, the very inclination of most people to prefer living in towns and cities to living in rur...

The issue of sprawl has become a major focus for planning researchers and practitioners and often underlies the debate on creating sustainable communities. Rising dependence on the automobile, rapid population growth, and migration out of existing urban centers in search of affordable housing are some of the factors that have reshaped the American landscape into a pattern of low-density, sprawl...

BACKGROUND Extreme heat events (EHEs) are increasing in frequency in large U.S. cities and are responsible for a greater annual number of climate-related fatalities, on average, than any other form of extreme weather. In addition, low-density, sprawling patterns of urban development have been associated with enhanced surface temperatures in urbanized areas. OBJECTIVES In this study. we examin...

One of the most dramatic visuals of the 21st century is the sprawling skyline of a city. Glass-paned buildings as you look up, endless pavement as you look down. Cars honk. Tailpipes leak out pollutants. Lightbulbs buzz as a metropolis works into the night. What you do not necessarily see or hear... but might feel... is the heat. Because of human activities, there is an increase in air temperat...

We discuss an exponential law for the trajectories distribution in a urban road network, that has been found analyzing a large set of GPS data on private cars dynamics. This law appears to be common for very different cities, from the size of a town to that of a metropolis. We propose to explain this behavior as an effect of the activities sprawling in modern cities, associated with the existen...

The human pressure on natural ecosystems and protected areas is steadily increasing. Urban growth is undeniably and irreversibly converting natural habitats as it is constantly expanding with population growth. In this study we analyze the urban expansion of mega city Calcutta over four time-steps (1975, 1990, 2000, 2010) as an example of expansion over time and threat to the surrounding enviro...